1 STAT 6020 Introduction to Biostatistics Fall 2005 Dr. G. H. Rowell Class 2.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Normal Distribution; Sampling Distribution; Inference Using the Normal Distribution ● Continuous and discrete distributions; Density curves ● The important.
Advertisements

A.P. STATISTICS LESSON 7 – 1 ( DAY 1 ) DISCRETE AND CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES.
probability distributions
Probability & Statistical Inference Lecture 3
1 Business 260: Managerial Decision Analysis Professor David Mease Lecture 3 Agenda: 1) Reminder about Homework #1 (due Thursday 3/19) 2) Discuss Midterm.
BCOR 1020 Business Statistics Lecture 15 – March 6, 2008.
Chapter 4 Probability Distributions
Probability and Statistics Review
Slide 1 Statistics Workshop Tutorial 7 Discrete Random Variables Binomial Distributions.
Probability (cont.). Assigning Probabilities A probability is a value between 0 and 1 and is written either as a fraction or as a proportion. For the.
Mutually Exclusive: P(not A) = 1- P(A) Complement Rule: P(A and B) = 0 P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A and B) General Addition Rule: Conditional Probability:
Continuous Probability Distribution  A continuous random variables (RV) has infinitely many possible outcomes  Probability is conveyed for a range of.
Probability Rules l Rule 1. The probability of any event (A) is a number between zero and one. 0 < P(A) < 1.
Week71 Discrete Random Variables A random variable (r.v.) assigns a numerical value to the outcomes in the sample space of a random phenomenon. A discrete.
1 Overview This chapter will deal with the construction of probability distributions by combining the methods of Chapter 2 with the those of Chapter 4.
© Copyright McGraw-Hill CHAPTER 6 The Normal Distribution.
B AD 6243: Applied Univariate Statistics Understanding Data and Data Distributions Professor Laku Chidambaram Price College of Business University of Oklahoma.
Chapter 6: Probability Distributions
1 If we can reduce our desire, then all worries that bother us will disappear.
Chapter 5 Statistical Models in Simulation
Biostatistics Lecture 7 4/7/2015. Chapter 7 Theoretical Probability Distributions.
Random Variables & Probability Distributions Outcomes of experiments are, in part, random E.g. Let X 7 be the gender of the 7 th randomly selected student.
Continuous Probability Distributions  Continuous Random Variable  A random variable whose space (set of possible values) is an entire interval of numbers.
PROBABILITY & STATISTICAL INFERENCE LECTURE 3 MSc in Computing (Data Analytics)
Slide 1 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc..
Copyright © 2013, 2009, and 2007, Pearson Education, Inc. 1 PROBABILITIES FOR CONTINUOUS RANDOM VARIABLES THE NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CHAPTER 8_B.
Introduction Discrete random variables take on only a finite or countable number of values. Three discrete probability distributions serve as models for.
Theory of Probability Statistics for Business and Economics.
Review A random variable where X can take on a range of values, not just particular ones. Examples: Heights Distance a golfer hits the ball with their.
Chapter 8 Extension Normal Distributions. Objectives Recognize normally distributed data Use the characteristics of the normal distribution to solve problems.
Continuous Random Variables Continuous Random Variables Chapter 6.
Using Probability and Discrete Probability Distributions
MATB344 Applied Statistics Chapter 5 Several Useful Discrete Distributions.
Essential Statistics Chapter 31 The Normal Distributions.
Modular 11 Ch 7.1 to 7.2 Part I. Ch 7.1 Uniform and Normal Distribution Recall: Discrete random variable probability distribution For a continued random.
OPIM 5103-Lecture #3 Jose M. Cruz Assistant Professor.
ENGR 610 Applied Statistics Fall Week 3 Marshall University CITE Jack Smith.
Copyright © 2013, 2009, and 2007, Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 6 Probability Distributions Section 6.2 Probabilities for Bell-Shaped Distributions.
Math b (Discrete) Random Variables, Binomial Distribution.
June 11, 2008Stat Lecture 10 - Review1 Midterm review Chapters 1-5 Statistics Lecture 10.
Basic Concepts of Probability CEE 431/ESS465. Basic Concepts of Probability Sample spaces and events Venn diagram  A Sample space,  Event, A.
Random Variables Presentation 6.. Random Variables A random variable assigns a number (or symbol) to each outcome of a random circumstance. A random variable.
Math 4030 Midterm Exam Review. General Info: Wed. Oct. 26, Lecture Hours & Rooms Duration: 80 min. Close-book 1 page formula sheet (both sides can be.
B AD 6243: Applied Univariate Statistics Data Distributions and Sampling Professor Laku Chidambaram Price College of Business University of Oklahoma.
Probability Distributions: Binomial & Normal Ginger Holmes Rowell, PhD MSP Workshop June 2006.
Exam 2: Rules Section 2.1 Bring a cheat sheet. One page 2 sides. Bring a calculator. Bring your book to use the tables in the back.
ENGR 610 Applied Statistics Fall Week 2 Marshall University CITE Jack Smith.
Copyright © 2010, 2007, 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Section 5-1 Review and Preview.
Probability and Distributions. Deterministic vs. Random Processes In deterministic processes, the outcome can be predicted exactly in advance Eg. Force.
© 2010 Pearson Prentice Hall. All rights reserved 7-1.
Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach, 7e © 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 5-1 Business Statistics: A Decision-Making Approach 7 th Edition Chapter.
1 7.3 RANDOM VARIABLES When the variables in question are quantitative, they are known as random variables. A random variable, X, is a quantitative variable.
Chapter 31Introduction to Statistical Quality Control, 7th Edition by Douglas C. Montgomery. Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
1 STAT 6020 Introduction to Biostatistics Fall 2005 Dr. G. H. Rowell Class 1b.
Chapter 5 Probability Distributions 5-1 Overview 5-2 Random Variables 5-3 Binomial Probability Distributions 5-4 Mean, Variance and Standard Deviation.
Unit 4 Review. Starter Write the characteristics of the binomial setting. What is the difference between the binomial setting and the geometric setting?
AP Stats Review: Probability Unit Unit #2 – Chapters 6, 7, and Section
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 5-1 Chapter 5 Some Important Discrete Probability Distributions Business Statistics,
Chap 5-1 Chapter 5 Discrete Random Variables and Probability Distributions Statistics for Business and Economics 6 th Edition.
Chap 5-1 Discrete and Continuous Probability Distributions.
Discrete Probability Distributions Chapter 4. § 4.3 More Discrete Probability Distributions.
Slide 1 Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc. Chapter 5 Probability Distributions 5-1 Overview 5-2 Random Variables 5-3 Binomial Probability Distributions.
Construction Engineering 221 Probability and statistics Normal Distribution.
Copyright ©2011 Brooks/Cole, Cengage Learning Continuous Random Variables Class 36 1.
Theoretical distributions: the other distributions.
MECH 373 Instrumentation and Measurements
Discrete and Continuous Random Variables
Analysis of Economic Data
Chapter 4 – Part 3.
Probability Rules Rule 1.
Presentation transcript:

1 STAT 6020 Introduction to Biostatistics Fall 2005 Dr. G. H. Rowell Class 2

2 Review Questions  Chapter 1 Statistical Inference  Chapter 2 Data Types: Numerical/Categorical  Chapter 3 What is the difference in a bar chart & a histogram? Describe a useful transformation & how it works.

3 Ch4: Theoretical Distributions, An Overview  Probability  Samples/Population  Distributions Continuous  Normal, Lognormal, Uniform Discrete  Binomial, Poisson

4 Ch 4: Probability  We teach an entire course on this – STAT 6160  Not a main focus of this course  Understand Basic Axioms Randomness Independence Probability Distributions Functions

5 Ch 4: Probability - Basics S = Sample space E = an event in the Sample Space P(E) = Probability that event E occurs 0<= P(E) <=1 P(S) = 1 If E1, E2, E3, … are mutually exclusive events, then probability of the union of events = sum of the individual events P(E1 U E2 U E3 U …) = P(E1) + P(E2) + P(E3) + … for a finite or an infinitely countable number of events

6 Ch 4: Probability - Independence  Independent Events Events A & B are independent if and only if P(A given that you know everything about B) = P(A) OR P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B) Over simplifying: A & B are independent if knowing the outcome of A tells us nothing about B

7 Ch 4: Sample & Populations  Population  Sample  Goal of Statistics

8 Ch 4: Probability Distributions  Decision: Continuous or Discrete ?  If Continuous, what is the shape of the relative frequency of the outcomes? Flat – Uniform Bellshaped – Normal Positively Skewed – Lognormal

9 Ch 4: Probability Distributions  Decision: Continuous or Discrete ?  If Continuous, what is the shape of the relative frequency of the outcomes? Flat – Uniform Bellshaped – Normal Positively Skewed – Lognormal

10 Ch 4: Probability Distributions  If Discrete, what experiment is the variable modeling Counts number of successes – might be binomial Counts number of trials to the first success – might be geometric Counts independent, random, and RARE events – might be Poisson

11 Ch 4: Normal Distribution  Mound-shaped and symmetrical  Mean and standard deviation used to describe the distribution  “Empirical Rule”

12 Standard Normal  Normal with mean zero and standard deviation 1 Notation: N(0, 1)  Z-score Formula Meaning  Tools for finding probabilities Tables, software, applets

13 Statistical Software Online  StatCrunch  StatiCui  VassarStats

14 Visualization  What does “normal” look like? Histogram: See Figure 4.7, page 60.  Normal Density Function  Normal Cumulative Distribution

15 Ch 4: Example, Normal  If the average daily energy intake of healthy women is normally distributed with a mean of 6754 kJ and a standard deviation of 1142 kJ than what is the probability that a randomly selected women is below the recommended intake level of 7725 kJ per day? Above 7725 kJ? Between 6000 and 7000 kJ?

16 Ch 4: Serum Albumin Example  Data: 216 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis mean serum albumin level: g/l, st dev = 5.84 g/l See histogram, Fig 4.5 page 56, follows normal distribution  Constructing Chart on Page

17 Ch 4: A Continuous Skewed Right Distribution: Lognormal  Example: Serum Bilirubin, page 61

18 Ch 4: Continuous Distribution: Uniform  Conditions for Uniform  Visualization

19 Ch 4: Discrete Distributions Binomial Distribution  Binomial Experiment:  Binomial Random Variable:  Binomial Distribution Function:

20 Ch. 4: Binomial Example

21 Ch. 4: Binomial Visualization  Homework: Complete the Binomial Visualization Activity found at 1/Pages1/Home.htm Be sure to submit the “Pretest” and the “Lesson.” You may want to print the results as a back-up. This is a Hand-in Homework worth 10 points.

22 Ch 4: Discrete Distributions: Poisson Distribution  Conditions for a Poisson Distribution:  Poisson Visualization: /applets/PoiDensityApplet.html

23 Ch 4: Homework  Exercises # 1 – 8 Check you answers in the Back of the book.  Bring to class for next week – the mean and standard deviation for heights of Americans of your gender.