Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002
or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002 or Not 3D: When and Why Does it Work? Ben Shneiderman Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory & Department of Computer Science University of Maryland Web3D: Phoenix, February 26, 2002
Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory Interdisciplinary research community - Computer Science & Psychology - Information Studies & Education
Scientific Approach (beyond user friendly) Specify users and tasks Predict and measure time to learntime to learn speed of performancespeed of performance rate of human errorsrate of human errors human retention over timehuman retention over time Assess subjective satisfaction (Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction) Accommodate individual differences Consider social, organizational & cultural context
Design Issues Input devices & strategies Keyboards, pointing devices, voice Direct manipulation Menus, forms, commands Output devices & formats Screens, windows, color, sound Text, tables, graphics Instructions, messages, help Collaboration & communities Manuals, tutorials, training usableweb.com useit.com
Library of Congress Scholars, Journalists, Citizens Teachers, Students
Visible Human Explorer (NLM) Doctors Surgeons Researchers Students
NASA Environmental Data Scientists Farmers Land planners Students
Bureau of Census Economists, Policy makers, Journalists Teachers, Students
Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think Visual bandwidth is enormous Human perceptual skills are remarkable Trend, cluster, gap, outlier... Color, size, shape, proximity... Human image storage is fast and vast Opportunities Spatial layouts & coordination Information visualization Scientific visualization & simulation Telepresence & augmented reality Virtual environments
Fisheye views and Zooming User Interfaces Distortion to magnify areas of interest User-control, zoom factors of 3-5 Multi-scale spaces Zoom in/out & Pan left/right Smooth zooming Semantic zooming
GlassEye (see Hochheiser paper in
Spectrum of 3-D Visualizations Immersive Virtual Environment with head-mounted stereo display and head tracking Desktop 3-D for 3-D worlds medical, architectural, scientific visualizations, games Desktop 3-D for artificial worlds Bookhouse, file-cabinets, shopping malls Desktop 3-D for information visualization cone/cam trees, perspective wall, web-book SGI directories, Visible Decisions, Media Lab landscapes XGobi scatterplots, Themescape, Visage Chartjunk 3-D: barcharts, piecharts, histograms
Medical & Scientific Visualizations Volume Visualization for Medical SUNY – Stony Brook Electronic Visualization Laboratory University of Illinois at Chicago
Commercial Visualizations
Information & Entertainment 3D Home pages, chat rooms IPIX 3D room tours IPIX 3D room tours
Are these good uses of 3D?
Communication networks
J.A. Brown, McGregor A.J and H-W Braun. Network Connection & Performance
Planar graph with towers Chaomei Chen
Perspective wall (Xerox PARC) Mackinlay et al, CHI91
ConeTree Xerox Park
Hyperbolic trees Visually appealing Space limited 2-level lookahead Easy affordances -Hard to scan -Poor screen usage -Too volatile Lamping et al. CHI 95
Treemap - view large trees with node values Space filling Space limited Color coding Size coding Requires learning (Shneiderman, see TreeViz (Mac, Johnson, 1992) NBA-Tree(Sun, Turo, 1993) Winsurfer (Teittinen, 1996) Diskmapper (Windows, Micrologic) Treemap97 (Windows, UMd) Treemap 3.0 (Java, UMd)
Treemap - Stock market, clustered by industry see
Treemap - Stock market – 3D view
WebBook
WebBook-WebForager Card, Robertson, George and York, CHI 96
Starlight Battelle – Pacific Northwest National Lab
Themescape Wise et al., see also
Mineset
IBM Research: 3D Objects & Ecological Design 3-D objects & ecological setting speed performance by 10-20% Ark, Dryer, Selker & Zhai British HCI
IBM Research: RealThings Familiar 3-D objects replace form-fillin www-3.ibm.com/ibm/easy/eou_ext.nsf/Publish/581
Microsoft: Data Mountain Cockburn & McKenzie, ACM CHI D perspective & size changes cause no significant slowdown and users like them
Microsoft: Task Gallery
Chalmers Univ: 3D Workspace Manager
Clockwise3d
Clockwise3d vs. Windows Explorer UMd Student Team Project -12 subjects -12 tasks Fewer clicks is faster
Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory 19 th Annual Symposium May 30-31,
For More Information Visit the HCIL website for 200 papers & info on videos ( See Chapter 15 on Info Visualization Shneiderman, B., Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-Computer Interaction: Third Edition (1998) ( January 1999 book of readings: Card, S., Mackinlay, J., and Shneiderman, B. Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think