ETT 429 Spring 2007 Digital Photography/Scanners

Refreshers  Image file types (major types only) .gif .bmp .jpg/.jpeg .psd .tiff  File sizes 1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB) 1,000 bytes = 1 kilobyte (KB) 1,000,000 bytes = 1 megabyte (MB) 1,000,000 bytes = 1 megabyte (MB) 1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 gigabyte (GB) 1,000,000,000 bytes = 1 gigabyte (GB) Remember the rule of thousandsRemember the rule of thousands

Graphic File Formats  Print Graphics TIFF -Tag Image File Format TIFF -Tag Image File Format EPS - Encapsulated Postscript EPS - Encapsulated Postscript BMP - MS-Windows bitmap format BMP - MS-Windows bitmap format PSD - Photoshop document PSD - Photoshop document  Web GIF - Graphics Interchange Format GIF - Graphics Interchange Format Flat color image, transparentFlat color image, transparent JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group Photo image (continuous tone images)Photo image (continuous tone images) PNG - Portable Network Graphics (auto Gamma adjustment) PNG - Portable Network Graphics (auto Gamma adjustment)

GIF (.gif) or JPEG (.jpg) ?  Both formats are used for the Web.  GIF is good for discrete images, e.g., icon, logo, graphic artwork. It only support 256 colors (but will not dither on 8-bit displays)  GIF offers transparent backgrounds.  JPEG format support 24 bit photographic images.  Both formats support progressive mode. (JPEG – progressive vs. GIF – interlacing)

Web safe color Windows 8bit 256 index colorMacintosh 8bit 256 index color + Compatible II 216 Web safe color Color Description #xxxxxx (RRGGBB) From 00 to FF

Image Resolution  Resolution is the measurement of the number of squares of color information in an inch.  The human eye cannot detect squares of color more than 300 to an inch. For best printing, images at their final size should be at 300dpi (dots per inch = squares of color in an inch) Info on Slides 5-8 Found at (2004)

Image Resolution Example CrispFuzzy

Image Resolution Example 2 Resolution = 72dpi Will not print well Zoom of 72dpi image This is what the whole thing will print like. -Ugly

Upsampling  Upsampling – taking a low resolution image and saving it to a higher resolution with no changes in dimensions. creates blurry images, ugly blocks of color, and high contrast in images creates blurry images, ugly blocks of color, and high contrast in images

Pixels  Short for picture element  Definition – The smallest element that display software can use to create images  A resolution described as being 640x480 has 640 pixels across the screen and 480 down the screen  The higher the number or pixels, the higher the screen resolution

Image Dimensions  All images have dimensions (height x width) measured in pixels  Dimensions can be changed

Importing Images  Four main locations to import images Internet/program Internet/program Digital Camera Digital Camera Scanner Scanner Screen Capture Screen Capture

Internet Images  Right click on image for information about image Select Save Picture As … to save Select Save Picture As … to save  Select properties for image details Name Name File type File type Size (in bytes) Size (in bytes) Dimensions Dimensions

Digital Cameras  Definition - A camera without film that records an image as a digital object  Basic camera functions  Some allow for video  Image dimension option (640x480 or 800x600 standard picture sizes)  Memory card within camera acts as storage device for images/videos

Downloading from Digital Cameras  Plug camera into USB port  Camera appears as storage device  Use Windows Explorer to cut and paste pictures from camera memory card to hard drive

Scanners  Definition - Creates digital copy of material and makes it an image file  Basic scanner options Scan mode (color, b&w, grayscale, photo) Scan mode (color, b&w, grayscale, photo) Image quality (measured in dpi) Image quality (measured in dpi) Image file type (typical choices are.bmp,.jpg, or.tiff) Image file type (typical choices are.bmp,.jpg, or.tiff) Save location and file name Save location and file name

Uses of scanners  Creating digital copies of Images Images Documents Documents Art projects Art projects Business cards Business cards etc. etc.  Rule of thumb – the higher the resolution of the image scanned, the better the print quality (but larger the file size)

Screen Capture  Used to copy image of current activity on the monitor to the clipboard  Hit the “Print Scrn” key  Open “Paint” program (under accessories in start menu)  Choose paste function  Save image (best format is.jpeg)  Use Picture manager (or other digital imaging software) to edit

Editing Images  Hundreds of programs available (e.g., Adobe Photoshop, Paint Shop Pro, Fireworks)  Microsoft Office Picture Manager – Free program with Office 2003  Found under Microsoft Office Tools

Steps to edit a picture  Locate picture in left file structure  When image appears in central window, double click to select picture  Click on “Edit picture” option on right panel

Editing Options  Auto Correct – adjusts color and brightness  Red eye removal – basic photo function  Rotate – to change the top part of the image  Crop – to eliminate or cut off certain sections of image  Resize – alter dimensions of image

Cropping a picture  Select the image  Click on crop option  Move crop handles (black bars around image) to adjust to the parts of the image you want  Click OK  You must save image to complete process  Use save as function to not delete original

Resizing a picture  Select the image  Click on resize option  Different resize options Predefined – good if you are not sure Predefined – good if you are not sure Percentage – helpful for simple adjustments Percentage – helpful for simple adjustments Custom – for specific needs Custom – for specific needs  You must save image to complete process  Use save as function to not delete original