Medical Microbiology (Biology of Small Organisms)

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Advertisements

Prokaryotic Cells Morphology Specialized Structures Ultrastructure.
Introduction to Microbiology H. GEE. MD, FRCOG Hon. Assoc. Clinical Professor University of Warwick.
Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells: Cell Shapes. Morphology of Prokaryotic Cells: terminology in practice Curved rods: –Campylobacter species –Vibrio species.
Bacterial Classification Taxonomy and Characteristics.
Structures external to the Cell Wall:
Classification of Bacteria. There are thousands of species of bacteria on earth, many of which have not yet been identified. When attempting to classify.
Sofronio Agustin Professor
Copyright © 2007 by Saunders, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Assisting in Microbiology and Immunology Chapter 54.
Chapter 3: Microscopy and Cell Structure
What is bacteria? By Younes Rashad.  Bacteria is a single-celled organism which can only be seen through microscope.  Bacteria comes in different shapes.
Classification of Microorganisms:
Kharkov National Medical University
GRAM POSITIVE & GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
BACTERIA UBIQUITOUS IN NATURE UNICELLULAR LIGHT MICROSCOPIC MICROMETERS IN DIAMETER; MICROMETERS IN LENGTH PROCARYOTIC IN CELL STRUCTURE.
Microbiology. The study of organisms too small to be seen without magnification. –Bacteria –Viruses –Fungi –Protozoa –Helminths (worms) –algae.
Viruses, Monera, and Protista Diff. Biology April 13, 2005.
Microbiology “scientific study of microorganisms and their effect on other living organisms”
Bacteria & other Microorganisms Dr. Zaheer Ahmed Chaudhary Associate Professor Microbiology Department of Pathology.
1 GRAM POSITIVE & GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Dr. Fawzia Al-O tabi.
Review of Key Microbial Groups
MICROBIOLOGY Cell Biology of Bacteria Northland Community & Technical College Instructor Terry Wiseth.
Unit 13: Prokaryotes Read Lab safety page 87 of lab book.
Chair of Medical Biology, Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology CELL STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA. Lecturer As. Prof. O. Pokryshko.
Introduction to bacteria: Bacteriology Lecture 4 13/9/2015.
Introduction to Bacteriology  Bacteria are living forms that are micro-scopical in size (1-10 µm) and relatively simple, unicellular, in structure.
Bacterial Infection of Cardiovascular system By Dr. Humodi A. Saeed Associate Prof. of Medical Microbiology College of Medical Laboratory Science Sudan.
Introduction to microbiology. Morphology of microorganisms Vinnitsa National Pirogov Memorial Medical University/ Department of microbiology.
Archaebacteria & Bacteria Classification Old 5 Kingdom system Monera Protists Plants Fungi Animals New 3 Domain system Bacteria Archaebacteria Eukaryotes.
Taxonomy and Classification of Microbes (Especially Prokaryotes) The Three Domains and What Distinguishes Them Review of Characteristics of Prokaryotes,
Introduction to Microbiology:
Bacteria. Bacterial Video Video Bacterial Kingdoms 1.Archaebacteria   Called “Ancient” bacteria  Live in harsh environments- volcanic vents, hot springs,
Chair of Medical Biology, Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology CLASSIFICATION AND MORPHOLOGY OF BACTERIA. Lecturer As. Prof. O. Pokryshko.
Microbes. Figure 6.8 Characteristics of bacterial colonies-overview.
Chapter 11: The Prokaryotes: Domains Bacteria and Archaea
GRAM POSITIVE & GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
1 GRAM POSITIVE & GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA Dr. Fawzia AL-Otaibi.
GRAM POSITIVE & GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA
Gram positive cell wall
Microbiology AN INTRODUCTION EIGHTH EDITION TORTORA FUNKE CASE Dr. Fadilah Sfouq Female department 2015.
What is Microbiology? Micr o BioOlog y Too small object to be seen by the ordinary eyes Refers to life Means science Microbiology is the science studying.
Microbiology: A Systems Approach
Introductory medical bacteriology Chien-Ming Li MD, Ph.D.
BACTERIAL MORHOLOGY.
Introduction to Microbiology
Batterjee Medical College. Dr. Manal El Said Head of Microbiology Department Bacterial Introduction and Structure.
4 hour subject Assessments: first mid term exam : 15% Second mid term exam : 15% Final theoretical exam : 40% Total theory: 70% Lab quiz and evaluation.
Microbiology Laboratory Procedures.  Microbiology = the study of microbes (bacteria, fungi, and viruses) Bacteriology = study of bacteria Virology =
Bacteria Mrs. Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in Microbiology Mrs. Dalia Kamal Eldien MSC in Microbiology Lecture NO: 2.
CLASSIFICATION & STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA
ELEMENT 6B: INFECTION & IMMUNITY LECTURE 16: Introduction to Microbiology & Bacterial Forms.
Bacteria Compared with Other Microorganisms Chapter 1.
Functional Anatomy of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
Describe a time in your life when you were really sick. Do you know if you had a virus or a bacterial infection (maybe it was something else!) What were.
Bergey's Phylogenetic In 1923 David Bergey published Bergey's Manual of Determinative It arranged bacteria in 10 orders.
CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICALLY IMPORTANT BACTERIA I. Rigid, thick–walled cell II. Flexible, thin-walled cells, III. Wall-less cells,
INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY
Classification of Microorganisms:
Microbes in Our Lives Microorganisms are organisms that are too small to be seen with the unaided eye. “Germ” refers to a rapidly growing cell.
Microorganisms(Microbes) Microbiology Medical Microbiology
Introduction to Microbiology
Microbiology lec-1- Dr. Raz Nawzad.
Chapter 4 Prokaryote Eukaryote
MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY (BIOL200/343), SUMMER, 2017
Classification of Bacteria
INTRODUCTION TO MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY & IMMUNOLOGY
Microbial Biotechnology
Structures external to the Cell Wall:
Chapter 5 Classification of Medically Important Bacteria
Classification of medically important bacteria
Presentation transcript:

Medical Microbiology (Biology of Small Organisms) Major Topics Included in MAC 221 Bacteriology Virology Parasitology Mycology Immunology

Introduction To Mac 221: Basic Immunology and Host Parasite Relationship Bacteria and Human Diseases caused by bacteria. Parasitology Parasite & Human Diseases Virology – Virus & Human Diseases Mycology – Fungi & Human Diseases

Microbiology And The Patient Medical Microbiology – concerned with: Aetiology (cause) Pathogenesis (Mechanism of production of disease) Laboratory Diagnosis Treatment of infection Epidemiology (spread, distribution, prevalence of infection in the community) Control and prevention in community

MIC has Close Link with: Pathology Medicine (clinical) Surgery Pharmacology and therapeutics Preventive Medicine

MIC has a Close Link with Curative Medicine in regard to: Precise diagnosis Rational treatment of microbial diseases Diagnosis of Bacterial infection done by: Clinical Laboratory Methods

Laboratory Methods: Collection of specimens Microscopy Stained Specimens Unstained Specimens Culture Identification of the organism Tests for Antimicrobial agents serology Demonstration of Abs

Medical Students Need to Know Microbiology Especially Bacteriology To Diagnose Bacterial infections successfully 2) To Treat

Course Objectives Basic understanding of immune system 2) Basic understanding of host-parasite relationship 3) Understandingof the pathogenesis 4) Understand the clinical features 5) Understand the Epidemiological features

Course Objectives (Continued) 6) Understand the proper use of Clinical Lab. a) Specimen collection and handling b) Requesting appropriate tests c) Interpretation of results of Lab. tests Correct selection, use, monitoring of anti-microbial therapy Understand methods of prevention of infection e.g. Vaccine, chemoprophylaxis, hygiene, isolation etc.

Diagram of Atypical Bacterial Cell

Comparison Between Bacteria And Fungi And Protozoa Unicellular, Microscopic, Prokaryotic Organisms, Multiply By Binary Fission. Comparison Between Bacteria And Fungi And Protozoa Bacteria Fungi & Protozoa Type Prokaryotic Eukaryotic Chromosome One Multiple (Number) Nuclear Absent Present Membrane

Comparison Between Bacteria and Fungi and Protozoa (Continued) Bacteria Fungi & Protozoa Mitochondria Absent Present Ribosomes 70s 80s Sterols Absent (Except Usually In Mycoplasma) Present Cell Wall Rigid Layer Of No Peptido- Peptidoglycan Glycan (Absent In (In some cases Mycoplasma) cellulose present)

Bacteria can be divided into: Filamentous Bacteria (Actinomycete) Most capable of branching True (Euobacteria): Divide by Binary Fission Spirocheates: Divide by Transverse Binary Fission Mycoplasma Which Lack Rigid Cell Wall Ricketssiae, and Chlamydia which are strict Intracellular parasites Cocci Bacilli (rods) Vibrio (coma shape)

Taxonomic Ranks Formal Rank Example Kingdom Prokaryotae ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Kingdom Prokaryotae Division Gracilicutes Class Scotobacteria Order Eubacteriales Family Enterobacteriae Genus Eschirichia, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Klebsiella Species coli Pyogenes aureus pneumoniae pneumonia

Arranged in Micrococcus Simplified Classification of Medically – Important Gram-positive Bacteria Arranged in Micrococcus Aerobes or clusters facultative Staphylococcus Anaerobes Cocci Arranged in Streptococcus chains Anaerobes Peptostreptococcus

Simplified Classification of Medically – Important Gram-positive bacteria Sporing Bacillus Aerobes or facultative anaerobes Corynebacterium Non- Listeria sporing Lactobacillus Nocardia Mycobacterium RODS Sporing Clostridium Anaerobes Non- Actinomycosces sporing

Simplified Classification Of Medically – Important Gram-negative Bacteria Aerobes Neisseria Cocci Anaerobes Veillonella

Simplified Classification Of Medically – Important Gram-negative Bacteria Aerobes Pseudomonas Salmonella Shigella Klebsiella Proteus Escherichia Facultative Yersinia Anaerobes BACILLI Bordetella Haemophilus Brucella Pasteurella Vibrio Anaerobes Bacteroids Fusobacterium Microaerophilic Camplylobacter

Simplified Classification Of Medically – Important Gram-negative Bacteria Aerobes Leptospira Spirochaetes Anaerobes Borrelia Treponema Cell wall --- Mycoplasma deficient bacteria

Diagram of Atypical Bacterial Cell

External Structures I) Flagella Long Filaments a. Responsible for motility; b. Protein (Flagellin) similar to myosin of muscles c. Can be polar, Bipolar or Peritrichous Short Filaments a. Common pili Adhesion b. Sex pili Conjugation

Capsule Present in Certain Bacteria. Water (2 %) solid Polysaccharide; occasionally protein e.g. Bacillus anthracis a. Inhibit Phagocytosis b. Antigenic

Example Of Capsulated Bacteria a. Pneumococci b. Klebsiella Polysaccharide Capsules c. Cl. perfringens d. Bacillus anthracis Polypeptide Capsules

Flagella

Bacterial Spores Hardest part of bacteria Contain calicum pectate One spore = one negative bacteria Can live for years Example: 1. Clostidia (Anaerobic) e.g. Cl. perfringens 2. Bacillus (Aerobic) e.g. B. anthracis

a. Confer rigidity upon bacteria CELL WALL - porous, permeable to low molecular weight (LMW) substances. Found in Algae, fungi, plants and bacteria Not found in animals Functions Of Cell Wall a. Confer rigidity upon bacteria b. Protects against osmotic pressure which can be 5-20 atmospheric pressure in bacteria c. Gives bacteria its shape d. Participates in cell division e. Gram staining characteristic

Structures of Cell Wall Basic = mucopeptide (peptidoglycan) PEPTIDOGLYCAN = consists of a. N-acetyl mumaric acid (M) b. N-acetyl glucosamine (G) strands. Theses strands are linked by peptide side chains Peptide chain G M M G G M

In Addition Gram +ve bacterial cell wall a Thick peptidoglycan layer (many layers) b. Teichoic acids (20% of cell wall weight) Gram –ve cell wall a. Thin peptidoglycan layer (1-2 layers) b. Out layer of lipopolysaccharide, phospholipids, lipoprotein c. Porins

Diagrams Showing The Structure Of Bacterial Cell Walls

Annual System Bacteriology + Immunology = 50% = 50 marks Practical = 10 marks Mid term = 10 marks Final = 30 marks Parasitology & Virology + Mycology = 50% = 50 marks Mid Term = 10 marks Final Exam= 30 marks