Cyanobacteria Blooms in Upper Klamath Lake Lauren Senkyr ESR 575 Limnology November 23, 2009
Upper Klamath Lake Oregon’s largest lake Oregon’s largest lake: Volume ~ 536 x 1036 Surface area ~275 km2 Shallow, hypereutrophic Avg. depth 2.2 m Mean depth 2 m Max. depth 15.2 m
Management issues Water diversions ESA listed suckers Agriculture- nutrient inputs + water use Dams along Klamath River
Cycle of Water Quality Degradation in Upper Klamath Lake ↑ Algal Blooms ↑ Phosphorus ↑ pH ↑ Nutrient Loading ↑ Unionized Ammonia Fish Die-offs ↓ Dissolved Oxygen ↓ Algal Blooms
Cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominant June-October “Blue green algae” Aphanizomenon flos-aquae dominant June-October 1st appearance 1933 Collapse causes anoxic conditions that lead to fish kills Commercially harvested 1 toxic species in UKL (Microcystis aeruginosa)
Basic Biology of AFA Does not grow in pH < 7.1, water temperature < 11 degrees C Yamamoto and Nakahara, Limnology (2005)
Current Conditions in Upper Klamath Lake Favor AFA High pH High water temperatures Eilers et. al. 2004
Internal P Loading Internal load ~2/3 Total P in Upper Klamath Lake Decrease in total P in top 2 cm of sediment before/ after bloom (Simon et. al. 2009)
The Role of Wind Very strong relationship between climate and water quality in Upper Klamath Lake ↑ wind speeds = ↓ water column stability Wind induced mixing of sediments= increased nutrient availability (Kann and Welch 2005)
Impacts of altered hydrology Sedimentation Nutrient retention Greater internal loading Wind control accentuated by lower water levels Eilers. Et. al. 2004
Implications for wetland restoration and dam removal? http://www.nature.org/wherewework/northamerica/states/oregon/about/art25169.html#