Carbon and life: Organic Chemistry. Organic Chemistry is scary.

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Presentation transcript:

Carbon and life: Organic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry is scary

Carbon atom

C

Methane Ethane Ethene (ethylene) Hydrocarbons

C H High energy bond Carbon - Hydrogen

Macromolecules *proteins *nucleic acids *carbohydrates *Lipids 4 Types

Macromolecules *proteins *nucleic acids *carbohydrates *Lipids 4 Types polymers

Polymer Chemistry monomers (individual) polymer (joined)

Momomers Polymer

Making and breaking the bonds

Short polymer Unlinked monomer Dehydration removes a water molecule, forming a new bond Longer polymer Making the bond dehydration

Hydrolysis adds a water molecule, breaking a bond Breaking the bond hydrolysis

Polymers Polymer bonds involve water

Kangaroo Rat Survives on metabolic water

Protein Monomers = amino acids Polymer = protein

Protein amino acids

Protein 20 amino acids

Protein Polymer formation Dehydration reaction

Proteins are long chains of amino acids

Protein 20 amino acids

A ribbon model Groove A space-filling model Protein function is determined by its shape.

Protein shape is determined by its amino acids.

Protein

Global Warming Coral “bleaching”

Nucleic Acids Monomers = nucleotides Polymer = DNA, RNA

Nucleic Acids Nucleotide (monomer) 5 bases

DNA “double helix”

DNA

RNA single-stranded

Carbohydrates

Monomers = simple sugars Polymer = carbohydrates Carbohydrates

A simple sugar (monosaccharide) glucose

Carbs are rich in C – H bonds

Sucrose or table sugar

Carbohydrates Starch: A polymer of glucose molecules

Starch: 1–4 linkage of a glucose monomers. Cellulose: 1–4 linkage of b glucose monomers. Starch cellulose Glucose polymers

Cellulose Starch

Lipids

Hard fats oils saturated unsaturated

Lipids