1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Ethical Challenges Ethics Principles of right and wrong that can be used by individuals acting as free moral agents to make choices to guide their behavior

2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Ethical and Societal Challenges IT raises ethical issues in areas of…  Crime  Privacy  Individuality  Employment  Health  Working conditions

3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Ethical Responsibility Business Ethics  Employee privacy  Security of company records  Workplace safety Theories of corporate social responsibility  Stockholder theory  Social Contract Theory  Stakeholder theory

4 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Ethical Responsibility Technology Ethics – 4 principles:  Proportionality  Informed consent  Justice / Fairness  Minimized Risk

5 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Types of Computer Crime  Hacking  Cyber Theft  Unauthorized use at work (time and resource theft)  Software Piracy  Piracy of intellectual property (IP) (covered by copyright laws)  e.g. music, videos, images, articles, books, etc.  Computer viruses and worms

6 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Privacy Issues  Accessing private and computer records  Tracking and sharing info about individual behavior on the Internet (e.g. cookies, web bugs)  What to do to protect privacy on the Internet?  Targeted marketing  Collecting user profile  Opt-in vs. Opt-out  Computer matching  Electronic leash

7 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Privacy Issues  Privacy Laws  Electronic Communications Privacy Act  Computer Fraud and Abuse Act  Computer Libel and Censorship (opposite to Privacy)  freedom of information  freedom of speech  freedom of the press  Spamming  Flaming

8 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Other Challenges  Employment  Computer monitoring (workplace privacy)  Working conditions  Individuality  Health issues (e.g. RSI/CTS, CVS, Stress)

9 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Security Management

10 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Internetworked Security Defenses  Encryption (e.g. private/public keys)  Firewalls  Denial of Services Defenses  monitoring  Anti-virus software

11 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2004, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Other Security Measures  Security codes (e.g. password)  Backup files  Security monitors (software)  Biometric security  Computer failure controls (preventive)  Disaster recovery  Information System controls and audits