The Phenomenology of Being

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Presentation transcript:

The Phenomenology of Being Rogerian Personality Theory

Phenomenological Approach Individual perception of self & world Person-centered Motives key but not all tension reducing Clinical work emphasized Developing self-awareness

Carl Rogers Humans are inherently good, rational Underlying motive is to self-actualize Research approach was phenomenological Unique (conscious), subjective perceptions key idiographic Clinical observations valuable but not sufficient Objective experimentation & observation

Structure The self World viewed through the self-concept Self-concept: Conscious, organized, consistent patterns of perceptions & meanings Develops through interactions w/ others & the world Changes but always organized & integrated: Me Ideal v. actual Measured using Q-sort, self-report scales World viewed through the self-concept

Process Change emphasized Motivated to seek self-actualization (ideal) Simple to complex Dependence to independence Rigidity to flexibility & freedom Reduce tension & enhance pleasure/satisfaction Differences come from inherent potential & strategies used to seek potential

Rogers and Self Actualization

Personal Growth (Ryff) Recode: 1, 4, 6, 10, 13, 14 1 = 6 Low < = 61 2 = 5 High > = 73 3 = 4 4 = 3 5 = 2 6 = 1 Add up all 14 items

Personal Growth High Scorer: Has a feeling of continued development; sees self as growing and expanding; is open to new experiences; has sense of realizing one's potential; sees improvement in self and behavior over time; is changing in ways that reflect more self knowledge and effectiveness. Low Scorer: Has a sense of personal stagnation; lacks sense of improvement or expansion over time; feels bored and uninterested with life; feels unable to develop new attitudes or behaviors.

Self-Consistency Motivated for Incongruence produces anxiety Consistency w/in self-concept Congruence between self-concept & experiences (ideal & actual) Incongruence produces anxiety Distortion & denial

Self-Verification Theory (Swann) Seek experiences that confirm self-concept Maintain sense of control & predictability Interpersonal interactions (spousal abuse) Affect Cognition (attention, memory)

Reaction paper 11: Self-Consistency Do you think you seek consistencies between your self-concept and behavior or experiences? In your life have you ever behaved in ways that were harmful to you but were consistent with your self-concept?

Growth Positive regard Health associated w/ unconditional Condition v. unconditional Health associated w/ unconditional Congruence between ideal & actual self Move towards potential (& not conditions of worth)

Strengths & Limitations Important aspects Holistic emphasis Subjective + objective change Limitations Excludes key Vs Few objective measures Observational bias

Baumeister What is crystallization of discontent (COD)? Have you ever experienced COD? How are commitments made? How is this relevant to COD and change? Empirical evidence to support COD as causing change? How might this work? How might change be maintained?

Baumeister Do you think COD causes personality changes? What might be most likely to change?