Network Concepts. Networks LAN WAN Main Concepts n Protocol n Media n Topology.

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Presentation transcript:

Network Concepts

Networks LAN WAN

Main Concepts n Protocol n Media n Topology

Peer -to -Peer Client Server Client Server Client Server

Client/Server Client Server

Bus

Ring

Star

Star - cable Bus - signal

Star - cable Ring - signal

Media n Coax n Twisted Pair n Fiber Optic n Wireless

OSI Reference Model 7Application 6Presentation 5Session 4 Transport 3 Network 2 Data Link 1 Physical

OSI Layers Physical –Signal encoding (voltage, amps, timing) –Connectors (BNC, RJ-45, ST) –Bit oriented Data Link –Frame oriented –Error detection –Media access control (token, CSMA/CD)

OSI Network –packet (datagram) oriented –Route data from network to network –Fragment and reassemble packets Transport –Reliable connection – ACK, NACK –Sequenced delivery –Flow control

OSI Layers Session –Logical connections Presentation –Character codes (EBCDIC vs. ASCII), encryption, Compression (nice theory, usually done in other layers) Application –Like ftp, telnet, , www, file and printer sharing

IEEE vs. OSI LLC Logical Link Control MAC Media Access Control Physical Data Link Physical OSI IEEE

IEEE Standards n Logical Link Control t CSMA/CD (Ethernet) t Token Bus t Token Ring

Base5 10Base2 10BaseT 10BaseF 10Broad36 100BaseTX 1000BaseT

DIX n Digital n Intel n Xerox Ethernet

IEEE vs. Ethernet Terminology EthernetIEEE StationDTE - Data Terminal Equipment Transceiver cableAUI - Attachment Unit Interface TransceiverMAU - Medium Attachment Unit ConnectorMDI - Medium Dependent Interface

Ethernet Frame PreambleDestination Address Source Address Length/ Type LLC/ Data Frame Check Sequence

Ethernet Frame PreambleDestination Address Source Address Length/ Type LLC/ Data Frame Check Sequence 64 bits of alternating ones and zeroes, for hardware synchronization, ending with two ones

Ethernet Frame PreambleDestination Address Source Address Length/ Type LLC/ Data Frame Check Sequence 48-bit address of station frame is being sent to

Ethernet Frame PreambleDestination Address Source Address Length/ Type LLC/ Data Frame Check Sequence 48-bit address of station sending the frame

Ethernet Frame PreambleDestination Address Source Address Length/ Type LLC/ Data Frame Check Sequence 16-bit field, length of frame in 802.3, type of frame in DIX

Ethernet Frame PreambleDestination Address Source Address Length/ Type LLC/ Data Frame Check Sequence 46 to 1500 bytes of data, includes LLC fields in 802.3

Ethernet Frame PreambleDestination Address Source Address Length/ Type LLC/ Data Frame Check Sequence 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code

Ethernet Addresses n 48 bit n normally shown in HEX n e.g.: C E0 n first 24 bits are obtained from IEEE by hardware manufacturers n one bit is used to distinguish unicast from multicast addresses n one bit is used to distinguish locally assigned addresses(rare) from globally assigned addresses (typical)

Transmission Types n Unicast - intended for one specific station n Broadcast - intended for all stations n Multicast - intended for a group of stations

CSMA/CD n Carrier Sense, Multiple Access with Collision Detection n Carrier sense - don't transmit if there is already a signal n Collision detection - if a collision is detected stop, wait, and retransmit

No Carrier

Transmission

End of Transmission

Transmission

Second Transmission

Collision

Collision detected

Wait

Repeater Hub

one station transmits

Repeater Hub signal repeated on all other ports

Repeater Hub end of transmission

Repeater Hub