Potential vorticity dynamics of a tropopause polar vortex

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Presentation transcript:

Potential vorticity dynamics of a tropopause polar vortex Steven M. Cavallo and Gregory J. Hakim University of Washington Department of Atmospheric Sciences 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics Outline Tropopause polar vortices (TPVs) Ertel Potential Vorticity (EPV) Mechanisms for vortex intensity changes November 2005 TPV Overview and observations Potential vorticity analysis  PV budget 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What are tropopause polar vortices (TPVs)? Vortices that occur north and away from jet stream Based on tropopause Cold core Vortices defined by closed contours of a materially conserved field such as PV  Changes in strength equivalent to changes in fluid properties within closed contours Disturbances wave-like along jet stream 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

Why do we care about TPVs? Formation and intensity changes are not well understood Are often long-lived  Can have lifetimes > 1 month Trigger surface cyclones, such as in the image above  Eventually drift into midlatitudes and jet stream, impacting the weather 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

Ertel Potential Vorticity (EPV) 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What EPV changes can we expect with a cloud? Latent heating Heating rate 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What EPV changes can we expect with a cloud? Latent heating EPV changes 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What EPV changes can we expect with a cloud? Radiation Heating rate 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What EPV changes can we expect with a cloud? Latent heating EPV changes 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What EPV changes can we expect with a cloud? Radiation + Latent heating Net EPV changes (radiation > latent heating) 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What EPV changes can we expect with a cloud? Radiation + Latent heating Net EPV changes (radiation < latent heating) 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

November 2005 TPV: Observations GFS analysis tropopause pressure Coral Harbour, NT sounding 21 November 2005 at 00 UTC 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

November 2005 TPV: Observations GFS analysis tropopause pressure Coral Harbour, NT sounding 22 November 2005 at 00 UTC 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics November 2005 TPV GFS Tropopause  Analysis WRF (V. 2.1.2) simulations: X = 30 km, Nz = 31 5-class microphysics, RRTM longwave radiation GFS initial conditions, boundaries updated every 3 hours 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics November 2005 TPV GFS Tropopause  Analysis WRF (V. 2.1.2) simulations: X = 30 km, Nz = 31 5-class microphysics, RRTM longwave radiation GFS initial conditions, boundaries updated every 3 hours 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

November 2005 TPV: Strengthening PV Budget: Time mean vertical profiles for Siberia segment All EPV components Diabatic components 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

November 2005 TPV: Strengthening PV Budget Time-height: Diabatic components Diabatic components 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

November 2005 TPV: Strengthening PV Budget Time-height: Radiation and cloud Diabatic components 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

November 2005 TPV: Strengthening PV Budget Time-height: Latent heat + Radiation Diabatic components 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

November 2005 TPV: Weakening PV Budget: Time mean vertical profiles for Hudson Bay segment All EPV components Diabatic components 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics Summary TPV strengthening from cloud-top radiational cooling in November 2005 TPV TPV weakening processes not clear, but strengthening no longer appears to occur when latent heating effects dominate the radiational effects. Is radiation always the key driver? What dynamics control weakening?  Work is underway involving idealized experiments to isolate the dynamics responsible for TPV intensity changes. 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

What can we expect from a cloud? 25 June 2007 16th Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics

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