From Ammonia to PM 2.5 Brent Auvermann Texas Cooperative Extension Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Amarillo, TX.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
1 Policies for Addressing PM2.5 Precursor Emissions Rich Damberg EPA Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards June 20, 2007.
Advertisements

Inventory Issues and Modeling- Some Examples Brian Timin USEPA/OAQPS October 21, 2002.
Atmospheric Aerosol From the Source to the Receptor Insights from the Pittsburgh Supersite Spyros Pandis, Allen Robinson, and Cliff Davidson Department.
Update on PM 2.5 – The Scope of the Problem and Overview of Sources Matthew M. Russell, PhD ENVIRON International Corporation Los Angeles, California April.
N emissions and the changing landscape of air quality Rob Pinder US EPA Office of Research and Development Atmospheric Modeling & Analysis Division.
Photochemical Model Performance for PM2.5 Sulfate, Nitrate, Ammonium, and pre-cursor species SO2, HNO3, and NH3 at Background Monitor Locations in the.
Line Efficiency     Percentage Month Today’s Date
1 Ammonia Regulation – Are We Ready? NADP Ammonia Workshop Washington, DC October 23, 2003 Dave Mitchell Planning Manager San Joaquin Valley APCD.
P. D. Hien, V. T. Bac, N. T. H. Thinh Vietnam Atomic Energy Commission.
Incorporation of the Model of Aerosol Dynamics, Reaction, Ionization and Dissolution (MADRID) into CMAQ Yang Zhang, Betty K. Pun, Krish Vijayaraghavan,
Evaluation of Secondary Organic Aerosols in Atlanta
BRAVO - Results Big Bend Regional Aerosol & Visibility Observational Study Bret Schichtel National Park Service,
Li ZHANG, Hong LIAO, and Jianping LI Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Impacts of Asian Summer Monsoon on Seasonal and Interannual.
Time Variability of Chemical Species in Mt. Lemmon Aerosol using Principal Component Analysis Anna Wonaschütz ATMO 529 Class Project Dec. 3rd, 2007.
Hong Liao Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Simulation of Air Pollutants (AP) over China using the GEOS-CHEM.
Chemical composition of aerosols Composition of tropospheric aerosols is not uniform. It varies with particle size and source of particles: Ultrafine particles.
Trends in the Wet and Dry Deposition of Nitrogen and Sulfur Species
Pacific 2001 – Synthesis of Findings and Policy Implications Roxanne Vingarzan Pacific and Yukon Region.
Air Quality Impact Analysis 1.Establish a relationship between emissions and air quality. AQ past = a EM past + b 2.A change in emissions results in an.
Sources of N, P and K Brad Lubbers Topic # Introduction Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Common forms taken up by the plant Early forms of phosphorus.
Air Quality, Atmospheric Deposition, and Lake Tahoe October 15, 2003 Western Regional Pollution Prevention Network Grannlibakken, Lake Tahoe Jim Pederson.
Role of Ammonia in Formation of Secondary Particulate Matter: A Study from Kanpur, India Mukesh Sharma, Shyam Kishore, Tejas, and Sailesh Environmental.
1 Nitrogen in the Environment David Gay 1 & Bob Hall 2 1 NADP Program Office, (217) U.S. Environmental.
Lessons Learned: One-Atmosphere Photochemical Modeling in Southeastern U.S. Presentation from Southern Appalachian Mountains Initiative to Meeting of Regional.
Neutralization Reactions & Environment
Properties of Particulate Matter Physical, Chemical and Optical Properties Size Range of Particulate Matter Mass Distribution of PM vs. Size: PM10, PM2.5.
Biosphere/Atmosphere Interactions in the Tropics.
Modeling of Ammonia and PM 2.5 Concentrations Associated with Emissions from Agriculture Megan Gore, D.Q. Tong, V.P. Aneja, and M. Houyoux Department of.
VISTAS Emissions Inventory Overview Nov 4, VISTAS is evaluating visibility and sources of fine particulate mass in the Southeastern US View NE from.
Particles, your health & your lungs. Why care about air pollution? Sonoma County air is clean compared to other areas, but SF air blows here Sonoma County.
PM 2.5 Response to Different Emissions Reductions Scenarios Over São Paulo State, Brazil. Taciana T. de A. Albuquerque a, J. Jason West b, Rita Yuri Ynoue.
Gas and Aerosol Partitioning Over the Equatorial Pacific Wenxian Zhang April 21, 2009.
Slide 1 Galveston Bay Atmospheric Deposition Study Anil K. Katamreddy CE 394K.3 GIS in Water Resources Fall 2003 University of Texas at Austin.
1.
Model Evaluation Comparing Model Output to Ambient Data Christian Seigneur AER San Ramon, California.
Operational Evaluation and Comparison of CMAQ and REMSAD- An Annual Simulation Brian Timin, Carey Jang, Pat Dolwick, Norm Possiel, Tom Braverman USEPA/OAQPS.
GEOS-CHEM Modeling for Boundary Conditions and Natural Background James W. Boylan Georgia Department of Natural Resources - VISTAS National RPO Modeling.
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF MADRID: A NEW AEROSOL MODULE IN MODELS-3/CMAQ Yang Zhang*, Betty Pun, Krish Vijayaraghavan, Shiang-Yuh Wu and Christian.
Georgia Institute of Technology SAMI Aerosol Modeling: Performance Evaluation & Future Year Simulations Talat Odman Georgia Institute of Technology SAMI.
Sensitivity of PM 2.5 Species to Emissions in the Southeast Sun-Kyoung Park and Armistead G. Russell Georgia Institute of Technology Sensitivity of PM.
Primary production & DOM OUTLINE: What makes the PP levels too low? 1- run Boundary conditions not seen (nudging time) - Phytoplankton parameter:
CHEMISTRY DEPARTMENT WAID ACADEMY Standard Grade Topic 14.
Properties of Particulate Matter
NITROGEN OXIDES Formation and Relevance. WHERE DO NITROGEN OXIDES COME FROM? The most important forms of reactive nitrogen in the air are nitrogen monoxide.
PROPOSED FINE PARTICULATE ATTAINMENT/ NONATTAINMENT DESIGNATION RECOMMENDATIONS This proposal is available on the DEP Website at
Jan 2016 Solar Lunar Data.
Mobile Source Contributions to Ambient PM2.5 and Ozone in 2025
Source Apportionment of Water Soluble Elements, EC/OC, and BrC by PMF
Sunil Kumar TAC, COG July 9, 2007
Performance of CMAQ for Inorganic Aerosol Compounds in Greater Tokyo
Dr. Tanveer Iqbal Associate Professor,
Average Monthly Temperature and Rainfall
2018 Safety Group 1 – 5 Year Program Timeline Guide
Nitrogen Deposition: Measurement Techniques and Field Studies
Mammoth Caves National Park, Kentucky
Gantt Chart Enter Year Here Activities Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug
Continuous measurement of airborne particles and gases
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Trend analysis of sulphur and nitrogen species in air and precipitation in Sweden Martin Ferm
Text for section 1 1 Text for section 2 2 Text for section 3 3
Data Analysis Techniques
Fine particulate matter and ozone pollution in China: recent trends, future controls, and impact of climate change Daniel J. Jacob A typical day in Beijing.
Presentation transcript:

From Ammonia to PM 2.5 Brent Auvermann Texas Cooperative Extension Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Amarillo, TX

Acknowledgments Spyros Pandis, atmospheric chemist, CMU Rich Scheffe, USEPA-OAQPS N. Andy Cole and Rick Todd, USDA-ARS David Parker, agricultural engineer, TAMU Saqib Mukhtar, agricultural engineer, TAMU

Forms of Atmospheric Nitrogen N2N2 NH 3 N2ON2ONO NO x

NH 3 – What’s the Big Deal? Superfund/EPCRA – Federal litigation on broad CAFO front –Multiple species –Multiple states –Do the math NH 3 + (SO 4, NO 3 or Cl) >> PM 2.5 NH 3 + PM >> synergistic effect on animal pulmonary health >> effect on human health?

Open-Lot Systems Beef feedyards –Animal spacing ft 2 /hd –Excreted N 90% of N consumed in feed (Bierman et al., 1996) Open-lot dairies –Animal spacing ft 2 /hd –Excreted N 70% of N consumed in feed (Van Horn et al., 1996)

Fate of Excreted N in Open-Lot Systems Collected in solid manure –Spread –Stored (stockpiles, mounds, other) –Composted and spread Remains on corral surface –Stable if it remains dry –Runs off into holding pond Volatilized as NH 3 (g) directly –Increases with wet/dry cycling

Extinction efficiencies for ubiquitous particle types (Malm, 1999) Particle Type Dry Extinction Efficiency (m 2 /g) Sulfates3.0 Organics3.0 Elemental Carbon10.0 Nitrates3.0 Soil Dust1.25 Coarse Particles0.6 Feedyard PM 10 /TSP /

Air Pollution in Pittsburgh July 2, 2001 PM 2.5 =4  g m - 3 July 18, 2001 PM 2.5 =45  g m - 3 (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Nucleation In aqueous solution, two or more species react to form a low-solubility product known as a precipitate Because the precipitate has relatively low solubility, it immediately forms a solid particle in aqueous suspension The particle provides a surface on which more of these reactions can occur

Interactions between Fine PM and Their Precursors NO x emissions SO 2 emissions VOC emissions NH 3 emissions Primary Organic emissions Primary Inorganic PM emissions Crustal Ammonium EC Nitrate Sulfate Organics PM 2.5 Composition during the Winter (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

The Sulfuric Acid/Ammonia System (Pandis, CMU) Total Available Ammonia (  g m -3 ) Concentration (  g m -3 ) 2 Ammonia:1 Sulfate (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Ammonium Nitrate Formation The formation of ammonium nitrate requires –Nitric acid (major sources of NOx in the US are transportation and power plants) –Free ammonia (ammonia not taken up by sulfate) The formation reaction is favored at: –Low temperatures (night, winter, fall, spring) –High relative humidity Hypothesis: A significant fraction of the sulfate reduced will be replaced by nitrate when SO 2 emissions are reduced. (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Fine PM Composition PM 2.5 (  g/m 3 ) Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun PM 2.5 mass (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Which is the Limiting Reactant? NH 4 NO 3 (  g m -3 ) Total Nitric Acid (  g m -3 ) Total Ammonia (  g m -3 ) A B A:Ammonia limited B: Nitric acid limited (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Reductions in Ammonia (July 2001) Inorganic PM 2.5 Reduction (%) Ammonia Reduction (%) 20% Sulfate Reduction (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Reducing Inorganic PM 2.5 Controls of SO 2 will reduce sulfate and PM 2.5 in all seasons. A fraction of the now existing sulfate will be replaced by nitrate. For Pittsburgh, ammonia controls in all seasons can minimize the replacement of sulfate by nitrate. For Pittsburgh, NO x controls will help reduce the nitrate during the winter but they will have a small effect during the summer. (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Nucleation Model Evaluation (July 27, 2001) Measured Predicted (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

Nucleation and Ultrafine Particles The model was successful in reproducing the observed behavior (nucleation or lack of) in all simulated dates in July (10) and January (10) Strong evidence that the nuclei are sulfuric acid/ammonium/water clusters –Growth with the help of organics Discrepancies in the nucleation rates –the model tends to predict higher rates Ammonia appears to be the controlling reactant ! –Small to modest reductions of ammonia can turn off the nucleation in the area especially during the summer (Adapted from Pandis, 2003)

CMAQ Ammonia Sensitivity Runs- 50% NH 3 Reduction- January Basecase NitrateNitrate with 50% Ammonia Reduction

50% NO x Reduction- January Effect on Sulfate and Nitrate

50% NOx Reduction- Reduced NH3 base (50% NH3 reduction)- January effect on Sulfate and Nitrate

50% SO2 Reduction- July Effect on Sulfate and Nitrate

50% SO 2 Reduction- January Effect on Sulfate and Nitrate