1 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Learning Objectives  Introduction: What is IT/IS? Why IT/IS?  IS in Business – past, present & future  Challenges of IT and IS for management  Real World Case: WH Smith PLC

2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Information Systems Framework Ch. 11 & 12 Ch. 5, 6 7 & 8 Ch. 9 & 10 Ch. 1 & 2 Ch. 13 & 14 Ch. 3 & 4

3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin What is a system?  A group of  interrelated or interacting elements forming a unified whole, OR  interrelated components working together toward a common goal by accepting inputs and producing outputs in an organized transformation process (dynamic system).  Add feedback and control loops… cybernetic system  Self-monitoring  Self-regulating

4 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Other System Characteristics  A systems exists in an environment  A subsystem is a component of a larger system.  Systems in the same environment use shared boundary, or interface.  Open (vs. closed) system  Adaptive system

5 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Components of an Information System

6 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Data ≠ Information WestCharles Mann 79154TM Shoes Monthly Sales Report for West Region Sales Rep: Charles Mann Emp No Item Qty Sold Price TM Shoes 1200 $100

7 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Information Products  Focus on the end-user  Information Products are result of IS activities:  Input  Processing  Output  Storage  Control

8 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Major Roles of IS Support Competitive Advantage Support Business Decision Making Support of Business Processes and Operations Executive Level Managerial Level Functional Level Strategic Leadership Tactical Management

9 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Information Systems: The Past  1950s – 1960s  Data processing; automation  1960s – 1970s  Management reporting; pre-specified information  1970s – 1980s  Modeling; decision-support  1980s – 1990s  Team collaboration; executive support; expert systems; strategic IS Figure 1.11 Page 22

10 McGraw-Hill/Irwin The Present and the Future  Electronic Commerce  Buying & selling, and marketing & servicing of products, services, & information.  Virtual stores; click-and-mortar stores Figure 1.11 Page 22

11 McGraw-Hill/Irwin The Present and the Future  E-Business  Internet, Intranet, Extranet, etc.  for Business processes  for Electronic commerce  For enterprise communication & collaboration  Connecting with customers, suppliers, & other business stakeholders  Virtual teams (location-independence) Figure 1.11 Page 22

12 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Types of Information Systems  For operations support:  Transaction processing systems (batch or real-time)  Process Control Systems (industrial processes)  Enterprise Collaboration Systems (office automation; team communication/productivity)

13 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Types of Information Systems  For management support:  Management Information Systems (pre-defined reports)  Decision Support Systems (modeling; what-if analysis)  Executive Information Systems (internal/external sources)

14 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Types of Information Systems  Other categories:  Expert systems  Knowledge management systems  Functional (and cross-functional) business systems  Strategic information systems

15 McGraw-Hill/Irwin IS: Solution Development Challenges & Deploy

16 McGraw-Hill/Irwin IS: Ethical Challenges  Ownership/Liability  Accountability  Privacy  Security  Profit vs. Social responsibility  Etc. (See Chapter 11)

17 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Real World Case 5 – WH Smith PLC Groups of 2-3 neighbors; read the case and answer:  Why did WH Smith need a new retail management system?  What were their goals? How well did the system meet the goals?  How has the staff been included in the process? Is this important? Why or why not? Share your thoughts with the class

18 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Re-Cap  IT/IS: What and Why  Trends of IS in Business  Challenges of IT/IS for management  Real World Case: WH Smith PLC  Next Wednesday:  2/11/04, 3:00-4:15pm, we meet at the King Library, Rom 213  Questionnaire/essay via