1 Lab Session-I (A and B) CS-120 Fall 2000 Using Windows Using An Editor Using Visual C++ Using Compiler Writing and Running Programs Lab-1 DUE Fri September 8 Lab-1 continues (Session I-B)

2 Lab Targets We wish to learn how to program We would like to edit a program, compile it and run it successfully Therefore we need to learn editing, compiling and running programs This can be done under MS-Windows operating system easily

3 Using Windows MS-Windows is a user friendly system Mouse clicks in GUI environment make it easy to use the system. Switching from one task to another is done through various ways Cutting and pasting from one application to another is convenient way to share data

4 Using an Editor First, we should learn basic editing under Windows operating system We need to know how to correct a mistake, cut and paste text and save a file Let us do some practice sessions as prescribed in the manual. Please do experiment 1.1 in lab session 1

5 Suggested Editors Under Ms-Windows, Wordpad and Notepad are available as editors that can handle text files Wordpad is better than Notepad as it remembers previously edited files Please save the file as “Text file--MS-DOS format” if you wish to give it an extension of.cpp (C++ source code file) or save as “all files” under Notepad

6 Using Visual C++ Visual C++ is part of MS Visual Studio package Visual C++ is easy to use because of its integrated development environment It implements the C++ programming language and offers many choices for structured or object-oriented programming

7 Using A Compiler We will be using Visual C++ for this course as our programming environment Visual C++ can be started from the Start button Go to “file==>new==>files==>C++Source File” to start editing a new source code file. Visual C++ provides its own editor Perform Experiment 1.2 in session1 of lab manual

8 Using A Compiler Please save your file once you are done editing it. The default name of your file would be Cpp1.cpp. Change it if you do not like this name. Now go to menu options “Build==>Build” It will ask you some funny question(s), say “Yes” to all Once built, the project can be executed from “Build==>Execute” or “!” icon

9 Visual C++ Projects Visual C++ likes to work with projects so that you can create many small source code files and compile these together as one coherent program Visual C++ has already created for you a project with several files. Let us look at all those files

10 How many files? Use Explorer or winfile to check out all the files that Visual C++ creates for your project.exeExecutable program file.objMachine code for every source file.ilkLinker uses this file to avoid re-linking code that was not modified

11 How many files?.pchPre-compiled header file.pdbDebugging information.idbAdditional debug information

12 The Anatomy of a C++ Program Let us explore the structure of the C++ program that we have compiled and executed. The program began with comments line. All comments start with “//” or “/*”. Comments do not contribute anything in the program. Comments are for readers to understand the program later.

13 The Anatomy of a C++ Program You are expected to put comments at all important places so anyone else can read and understand your source code The line with –#include is a directive to include a “header” file. Header files contain names of the functions to be used by the program.

14 The Anatomy of a C++ Program C++ provides a lot of built-in functions so that programmers do not have to re-invent the wheel For example, displaying something on screen is a task. Everyone is not supposed to develop a program to do it C++ developers have already written a “program” to do it. All you need to do is to call that program by its name

15 The Anatomy of a C++ Program cout<< is the way to call the standard I/O function cout which displays your data on the screen Next we see the line –void main(void) This line gives the name of the function that you are developing. main() is the default name used for the main function of any program

16 The Anatomy of a C++ Program Function is a block of code that performs a given task. A function carries a name and opening and closing braces. If there is only one function in your program, it must be named main(). If there are two or more functions in your program, one of the functions must be named main() All function names are unique in a program

17 The Anatomy of a C++ Program The function main is started with an opening brace { and terminated with a closing one } These braces identify the start and end of a block of code. e.g. a function We will identify some more uses of these braces in future

18 Lab-1 Due 9/8/2000 Please submit your report of experiment 1.1 and experiment 1.2. Perform one of the post lab problems as listed on page 11 of the lab manual and submit your report Reports can be put in my mailbox in the department or given in class on Friday September 8th

19 Lab-1 Continues (Session I-B) We have learned –How to use a text editor in Windows –How to use Visual C++ –How to compile, build and run programs in Visual C++ We should strengthen our knowledge by doing some more examples

20 Q&A Why is included in the program source code? Why do we name the only function in our program as main()? What is the use of opening braces and closing braces in the program? What is a header file? What is cout<<? Why do we put semicolons at the end of each statement?

21 Lab Experiments We can introduce errors in our source code and then check the compiler error messages Perform Experiment 1.3 on page 8 of lab manual session-1

22 Lab Experiments The little character “\n” inserts a newline in the display. We can use it whenever we want the next item to begin on a new line Perform Experiment 1.4 to learn of the effects of placing \n in the middle or end of displayed text strings Perform Experiment 1.6 to learn of the rules about placing quotation marks in the text.

23 Practicing ASCII Art Right now we have the expertise of using the output statement cout in displaying text We can use this expertise to display several different things. For example, let us see how to show a triangle with this statement Can you write a program to show a triangle or a square, or an automobile with cout?