Chapter 6S: Qualify Improvement Tools Class Agenda –Collect SRP One Page Assignment –Hand Out Diary One Form (Due on Monday) –Discuss Exam and Challenges (Due on Monday) –Hand out exams & Exam Question Challenges News of Note –Melody Barnes explains Obama programs WELL!! –Judy Reid (BTH) calls America’s business childish –Conference Board Indes below 50%  ((( Chapter 6 Key Terms On Overview of Chapter 6S

Chapter Six Key Terms The Two Definitions of Quality –Design Quality % Conformance Quality Quality Costs –Prevention costs –Appraisal costs –Internal failure costs –External failure costs Total Quality Management—The Inverted View of MGT TQM Tools –PDAC Cycles ---Six Sigma Process (DMIC) Quality Kudos –Malcolm Baldridige --- ISOO 9000 A Brief History Of Quality Management

Artisan Quality –Fabrege Eggs Chinese Porcelein Post Industrial Revolution Quality –Standards replace “my word is my bond” –Work methods –defining how to do a job right –Work Sampling—Dodge & Romig –Statistical Process Control – Shewhardt –EVOP (George Box) Design of Experiments –Japanese TQM Movement (Deming & Juran) 6S–3 A Brief History of Quality Management

Quality Improvement tools 6S–4 Table 6S-1

Histograms Review center, width and shape 6S–5 Double peak Two processes? Plateau Combined data sets? Bell-shaped Normal distribution Comb Error in process or data collection Skewed System limitation? Figure 6S-1

Cause and Effect Diagram 6S–6 Figure 6S-2

Check Sheet Tool for collecting, organizing and displaying data to uncover patterns 6S–7 Figure 6-1Figure 6S-3

Pareto Analysis 6S–8 Figure 6-1Figure 6S-4

Scatter Diagram Graphical representation of the relationship between two variables 6S–9 Figure 6-1Figure 6S-5

Process Flow Diagram 6S–10 Figure 6-1Figure 3S-3

Process Capability (C p ) Assess ability of a process to meet (or exceed) design specifications C p < 1 observed spread larger than desired spread C p = 1 observed and desired spread exactly equal C p > 1 desired spread larger than observed spread 6S–11 Where: S = Upper specification limit – Lower specification limit P = 6σ (99.7% of variation) σ = Standard deviation of process output

Improving on the C p Statistic with C pk C pk : compares process output and specification widths, and examines process centering 6S–12 Where: USL & :LSL = Upper & Lower specification limit D = Center of product specification range = (USL+LSL)/2 X = Mean of process output distribution K = Adjustment of centeredness of process and specifications

Process Control Charts 6S–13 Figure 6-1Figure 6S-8 Statistical tool to monitor process output to detect significant changes

Process Control Charts 6S–14 Table 6S-3

Equations for the x and R charts x chart: R chart: Process Control Charts 6S–15

Managing Quality Summary 1.Effective quality management is data driven 2.There are multiple tools to identify and prioritize process problems 3.There are multiple tools to identify the relationships between variables 4.Process capability compares actual process output with design specifications 6S–16