Department of Criminal Justice California State University - Bakersfield CRJU 477 Terrorism Dr. Abu-Lughod, Reem Ali The American Case

Civil Rights Movement n Struggle for equality n Intrastate transportation n 1955 Birmingham, Alabama Rosa Parks n Martin Luther King n Collective nonviolence n Mahatma Gandhi

Black Power n June 1966 civil rights activist James Meredith n Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) led by Stokely Carmichael n Nation of Islam & Malcolm X n Advocating political independence n Black Panther Party for Self Defense

New Left n “old left” orthodox Marxist ideologies, politics n New Left mid-1960s, anti war movement, civil rights mov’t, women’s rights, etc… n Students for a Democratic Society: direct action n Revolutionary Youth Mov’t: towards tailoring the orthodox ideologies

New Left: challenge to American Mainstream n Became known as the “counterculture” n Left Wing T in America: (please be prepared to discuss some of the incidents) 1. Kent University in Ohio 2. Jackson State University in S.C.

Leftist Radicals: Case in Point n The Black Panthers 1966 Oakland CA n Inspired by Malcolm X, Frantz Fanon and Mao Zedong n FBI Director Hoover: threat to domestic security n “disinformation” campaign

Case in Point: n Weatherman group “weathermen” 1969 in Chicago n “crazies” n “Days of Rage” 4 days long n Bernardine Dohrn praised Charles Manson murders n Victims as “pigs” n Bombings: the Pentagon, Gulf Oil corporate headquarters in Pittsburgh, PA, Harvard war research center, U.S. Capitol, police stations, ROTC buildings, National Guard facilities

The Symbionese Liberation Army n Mid 1970s, Donald DeFreeze n “Death to Fascist insect that preys upon the people” n 1974 Patricia Hearst kidnapped more than 50 days n Fugitive for more than a year n The Stockholm Syndrome

Animal Liberation Front & Earth Liberation Front n ALF: protesting animal abuse n ELF: abandon criminal activities n Property damage and vandalism n Destruction of forest station in Oregon n Poisoning Mars candy bars

The Christian Right: n Protestant fundamentalist n Conservative political environment of 1980s n President Ronald Reagan n Protests at abortion clinics

Antigovernment Patriots: Please be prepared to discuss cases n Ruby Ridge, Idaho tragedy 1992 n Waco, TX tragedy 1993 n Create one-world government “New World Order” n The conspiracy theory

The Christian Identity Creation Myth n Non-Whites: Mud People n Jews descended from Satan n Aryans the Chosen People

White Aryan Resistance and The KKK (1800s) n White supremacy, racial tension n Neo-Nazi movement n Neo-Nazi T, Racial Holy War is Inevitable (RAHOWA)

Army of God n Opposes abortion and homosexuality n Gay and lesbian targets n Abortion clinics Phineas Priesthood n Oppose abortion, homosexuality, interracial mixing, Whites who degrade White racial supremacy

Concluding Remarks n The New T in The U.S. n Changing Face of T n Leftists and rightists ideologies n Historical underpinnings of T in America n Lynching, slavery and the Civil Rights