Development of a Mica2 Mote Sensor Network Cliff Macklin Bill Ehrbar December 8, 2004 University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Introduction  nesC  TinyOS  Hardware  Applications  Architecture Building Blocks  Blink Application Architecture  Overview University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

nesC  Event Driven Language  Separation of construction and composition  Specification of component behavior in terms of set of interfaces which are bidirectional  Components are statically linked to each other via their interfaces University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

TinyOS  Designed for sensor networks that have very limited resources  Allows for concurrency management  TinyOS executes only one program consisting of selected system components and custom components needed for a single application University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Hardware  Our research used the following components  MIB510 Programming Bd.  MPR400CB Sensor Bd.  MTS300 Sensor University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Hardware Continued  422 Mhz processor  512 KB of memory  Sensor contained Buzzer, Light, Microphone, Magnetometer, and Thermistor University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Applications for a Sensor Network  Means of providing critical information in disaster environments  Light, temperature, and soil conditions within a green house  Frost detection and warning  Indoor comfort monitoring, including HVAC tune-up  Security applications University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Application SW Architecture  Modular Approach  Somewhat Object Oriented Object abstraction Layered “inheritance” approach  Similar to an HDL in structure (VHDL, Verilog, etc.) Wired interfaces Bi-directional interfaces University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Application Building Blocks  Interface Description (Module & Configuration files) Sample configuration file: configuration Blink {} implementation { components Main, BlinkM, SingleTimer, LedsC; Main.StdControl -> SingleTimer.StdControl; Main.StdControl -> BlinkM.StdControl; BlinkM.Timer -> SingleTimer.Timer; BlinkM.Leds -> LedsC; }  Implementation (Module files) University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Application Building Blocks Sample module file: module BlinkM { provides { interface StdControl; } uses { interface Timer; interface Leds; } implementation { /**ACTUAL INSTRUCTIONS HERE **/ } University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Application Building Blocks Sample module file implementation excerpt: /** Initialize the component. **/ command result_t StdControl.init() { call Leds.init(); return SUCCESS; } /** Start things up. This just sets the rate for the clock component. **/ command result_t StdControl.start() { // Start a repeating timer that fires every 1000ms return call Timer.start(TIMER_REPEAT, 1000); } … /** Toggle the red LED in response to the Timer.fired event. **/ event result_t Timer.fired() { call Leds.redToggle(); return SUCCESS; } University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Blink Application Architecture University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Wireless Applications Overview  Active Messaging Model Simple message structure Assigned handler by message ID Handled completely by handler  Zero Copy Stack for memory and speed efficiency  Range limitations can be overcome with multi-hop configuration University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

Sensor Network Limitations  Power Management  Memory Limitations  Mote Failure and Run-Time Errors  Security University of Colorado, Colorado Springs

References  D. Gay, P. Levis, D. Culler, E. Brewer. nesC 1.1 Language Referrence Manual, May Nov. 04.  TinyOS Tutorial, September x/doc/tutorial. 15 Nov. 04.  D. Gay, P. Levis, D. Culler, E. Brewer, R. von Behren, M. Welsh. The nesC Language: A Holistic Approach to Networked Embedded Systems, June Nov. 04.  C. Chow and G. Godavari. First Response Sensor Network (FRNS) Final Report for NISSC Fall 2003 Project.  P. Buonadonna, J. Hill, D. Culler. Active Message Communication for Tiny Networked Sensors.  MPR – Mote Processor Readio Board – MIB – Mote Interface/Programming Board User’s Manual Nov. 04.  Wireless Systems for Environmental Monitoring. 1 Dec. 04.  Product Info Guide. 1 Dec. 04.  Edward Chow. “Class Lecture”, 22 Nov. 04. University of Colorado, Colorado Springs