SLIDE 1IS 257 – Fall 2004 ORACLE and SQLPlus University of California, Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems SIMS 257: Database Management

SLIDE 2IS 257 – Fall 2004 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview –ColdFusion –PHP DiveShop in ColdFusion Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

SLIDE 3IS 257 – Fall 2004 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview –ColdFusion –PHP DiveShop in ColdFusion Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

SLIDE 4IS 257 – Fall 2004 Dynamic Web Applications 2 Server database CGI DBMS Web Server Internet Files Clients database

SLIDE 5IS 257 – Fall 2004 Server Interfaces Adapted from John P Ashenfelter, Choosing a Database for Your Web Site DatabaseWeb Server Web Application Server Web DB App HTML JavaScript DHTML CGI Web Server API’s ColdFusion PhP Perl Java ASP SQL ODBC Native DB interfaces JDBC Native DB Interfaces

SLIDE 6IS 257 – Fall 2004 Web Application Server Software ColdFusion PHP ASP All of the are server-side scripting languages that embed code in HTML pages

SLIDE 7IS 257 – Fall 2004 What ColdFusion is Good for Putting up databases onto the Web Handling dynamic databases (Frequent updates, etc) Making databases searchable and updateable by users.

SLIDE 8IS 257 – Fall 2004 Templates Assume we have a database named contents_of_my_shopping_cart.mdb -- single table called contents... Create an HTML page (uses extension.cfm), before... SELECT * FROM contents ;

SLIDE 9IS 257 – Fall 2004 Templates cont. Contents of My Shopping Cart Contents of My Shopping Cart #Item# #Date_of_item# $#Price#

SLIDE 10IS 257 – Fall 2004 Templates cont. Contents of My Shopping Cart Bouncy Ball with Psychedelic Markings 12 December 1998 $0.25 Shiny Blue Widget 14 December 1998 $2.53 Large Orange Widget 14 December 1998 $3.75

SLIDE 11IS 257 – Fall 2004 CFIF and CFELSE Item: #Item#

SLIDE 12IS 257 – Fall 2004 PHP PHP is an Open Source Software project with many programmers working on the code. –Commonly paired with MySQL, another OSS project –Free –Both Windows and Unix support Estimated that more than 250,000 web sites use PHP as an Apache Module.

SLIDE 13IS 257 – Fall 2004 PHP Syntax Similar to ASP Includes most programming structures (Loops, functions, Arrays, etc.) Loads HTML form variables so that they are addressable by name <?php $myvar = “Hello World”; echo $myvar ; ?>

SLIDE 14IS 257 – Fall 2004 Combined with MySQL DBMS interface appears as a set of functions: <?php $db = mysql_connect(“localhost”, “root”); mysql_select_db(“mydb”,$db); $result = mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM employees”, $db); Printf(“First Name: %s \n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “first”); Printf(“Last Name: %s \n”, mysql_result($result, 0 “last”); ?>

SLIDE 15IS 257 – Fall 2004 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview –ColdFusion –PHP DiveShop in ColdFusion Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

SLIDE 16IS 257 – Fall 2004 ColdFusion Diveshop Examples from Fusion

SLIDE 17IS 257 – Fall 2004 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview –ColdFusion –PHP DiveShop in ColdFusion Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus

SLIDE 18IS 257 – Fall 2004 Today Getting started with ORACLE and SQL-- see assignment on website More on SQL and SQLPlus for data manipulation and modification Getting Started with ORACLE.

SLIDE 19IS 257 – Fall 2004 SELECT Syntax: –SELECT [DISTINCT] attr1, attr2,…, attr3 as label, function(xxx), calculation, attr5, attr6 FROM relname1 r1, relname2 r2,… rel3 r3 WHERE condition1 {AND | OR} condition2 ORDER BY attr1 [DESC], attr3 [DESC]

SLIDE 20IS 257 – Fall 2004 CREATE SYNONYM CREATE SYNONYM newname FOR oldname; CREATE SYNONYM BIOLIFE for ray.BIOLIFE;

SLIDE 21IS 257 – Fall 2004 SELECT Conditions = equal to a particular value >= greater than or equal to a particular value > greater than a particular value <= less than or equal to a particular value <> not equal to a particular value LIKE ‘%wom_n%’ (Note different wild card) IN (‘opt1’, ‘opt2’,…,’optn’)

SLIDE 22IS 257 – Fall 2004 Aggregate Functions COUNT(dataitem) AVG(numbercolumn) SUM(numbercolumn) MAX(numbercolumn) MIN(numbercolumn) STDDEV(numbercolumn) VARIANCE(numbercolumn)

SLIDE 23IS 257 – Fall 2004 Numeric Functions ABS(n) ACOS(n) ASIN(n) ATAN(n) ATAN2(n, m) CEIL(n) COS(n) COSH(n) ROUND(n) SIGN(n) SIN(n) SINH(n) SQRT(n) TAN(n) TANH(n) TRUNC(n[, m]) EXP(n) FLOOR(n) LN(n) LOG(m,n) MOD(n) POWER(m,n)

SLIDE 24IS 257 – Fall 2004 Character Functions returning character values CHR(n) CONCAT(char1,char2) INITCAP(char) LOWER(char) LPAD(char, n,char2), RPAD(char, n,char2) LTRIM(char, n, cset), RTRIM(char, n, cset) REPLACE(char, srch, repl) SOUNDEX(char) SUBSTR(char, m, n) SUBSTRB(char, m, n) TRANSLATE(char, from, to) UPPER(char)

SLIDE 25IS 257 – Fall 2004 Character Function returning numeric values ASCII(char) INSTR(char1, char2[,m, n]) INSTRB(char1, char2[,m, n]) LENGTH(char) LENGTHB(char)

SLIDE 26IS 257 – Fall 2004 Date functions ADD_MONTHS(dt, n) LAST_DAY(d) MONTHS_BETWEEN(d1, d2) NEW_TIME(d, z1, z2) -- PST, AST, etc. NEXT_DAY(d, dayname) ROUND(d, fmt) -- century, year etc. SYSDATE TRUNC(d, fmt) -- century, year, etc.

SLIDE 27IS 257 – Fall 2004 Conversion Functions CHARTOROWID(char) CONVERT(char, dchar, schar) HEXTORAW(char) RAWTOHEX(raw) ROWIDTOCHAR(rowid) TO_CHAR (date, fmt) TO_DATE(char, fmt) TO_NUMBER(char,fmt ) TO_MULTIBYTE(char) TO_SINGLE_BYTE(ch ar)

SLIDE 28IS 257 – Fall 2004 Create Table CREATE TABLE table-name (attr1 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr1 PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type CONSTRAINT constr2 NOT NULL,…, attrM attr-type CONSTRAINT constref REFERENCES owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE CASCADE, attrN attr-type CONSTRAINT constrN CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN), attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value); Adds a new table with the specified attributes (and types) to the database. –NOTE that the “CONSTRAINT and name parts are optional)

SLIDE 29IS 257 – Fall 2004 Create Table CREATE TABLE table-name ( attr1 attr-type PRIMARY KEY, attr2 attr-type NOT NULL, …, attrM attr-type REFERENCES owner.tablename(attrname) ON DELETE CASCADE, attrN attr-type CHECK (attrN = UPPER(attrN) attrO attr-type DEFAULT default_value); –Without “CONSTRAINT” and name parts

SLIDE 30IS 257 – Fall 2004 Types VARCHAR2(size) NUMBER(p, s) LONG -- long char data DATE -- from 4712BC to 4714 AD RAW(size) -- binary LONG RAW -- large binary ROWID -- row reference CHAR(size) -- fixed length characters

SLIDE 31IS 257 – Fall 2004 Alter Table ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 attr- type; ALTER TABLE table-name ADD attr1 CONSTRAINT xxx constrainvalue; ALTER TABLE table-name MODIFY attr1 optiontochange; ALTER TABLE table-name DROP COLUMN attr1; Adds, drops or modifies a column in an existing database table. –Note: constrainvalue is any column constraint like ‘PRIMARY KEY’, REFERENCES, etc.

SLIDE 32IS 257 – Fall 2004 INSERT INSERT INTO table-name (attr1, attr4, attr5,…, attrK) VALUES (“val1”, val4, val5,…, “valK”); OR INSERT INTO table-name SELECT col1, col2, col3 as newcol2, col4 FROM xx, yy WHERE where-clause; Adds a new row(s) to a table.

SLIDE 33IS 257 – Fall 2004 DELETE DELETE FROM table-name WHERE ; Removes rows from a table.

SLIDE 34IS 257 – Fall 2004 UPDATE UPDATE tablename SET attr1=newval, attr2 = newval2 WHERE ; changes values in existing rows in a table (those that match the WHERE clause).

SLIDE 35IS 257 – Fall 2004 DROP Table DROP TABLE tablename; Removes a table from the database.

SLIDE 36IS 257 – Fall 2004 CREATE INDEX CREATE [ UNIQUE ] INDEX indexname ON tablename (attr1 [ASC|DESC][, attr2 [ASC|DESC],...]) Adds an index on the specified attributes to a table

SLIDE 37IS 257 – Fall 2004 System Information In ORACLE Find all of the tables for a user –SELECT * FROM ALL_CATALOG WHERE OWNER = ‘userid’; –SELECT * FROM USER_CATALOG; (or CAT) Show the attributes and types of data for a particular table –DESCRIBE tablename;

SLIDE 38IS 257 – Fall 2004 Running commands Create file with SQL and SQLPlus commands in it. –Use a plain text editor and NOT a word processor (or save as text only) Give the file the extension.sql From inside SQLPlus type –START filename

SLIDE 39IS 257 – Fall 2004 Simple formatting in SQLPlus SET PAGESIZE 500 SET LINESIZE 79 PROMPT stuff to put out to screen TTITLE “title to put at top of results” COLUMN col_name HEADING “New Name”

SLIDE 40IS 257 – Fall 2004 Outputting results as a file… SPOOL filename Commands SPOOL STOP –File will be created with everything between the SPOOL commands

SLIDE 41IS 257 – Fall 2004 Lecture Outline Review –Databases for Web Applications – Overview –ColdFusion –PHP –DiveShop in ColdFusion Introduction to ORACLE and SQL-Plus Assignment 3

SLIDE 42IS 257 – Fall 2004 Assignment 3 Assignment 3 and additional instructions are on the Web site Use ORACLE and SQL to answer the following DiveShop queries… –What are the names and addresses of the diveshop customers who are renting snorkels? –What are the names of the wildlife that Mary Rioux might see on her trip. Are there any Shipwrecks there (give names)? –What sunken ships might be candidates for treasure hunters whose destination is New Jersey? –Who is paying the maximum amount for single type of rental equipment (use price * quantity to determine amount)? –At how many sites might you see a "Nassau Grouper"?

SLIDE 43IS 257 – Fall 2004 Assignment 3 (cont) –What are the names of customers who are paying in cash? –Produce a list of all equipment being rented for a dive vacation that costs more than $30000, make the list in descending order of the rental price of the equipment. –Who is renting teal colored equipment? –Which locations have an average temperature of more than 75 degrees farenheit and a travel cost of under $4000? –Make up two queries of your own and run them turn in the queries and the results.