Module 8 Quotation and Citation Matakuliah : G1112, Scientific Writing I Tahun : 2006 Versi : v 1.0 rev 1 Module 8 Quotation and Citation

MLA Standard APA Standard Turabian Standard Chicago Standard What’s inside MLA Standard APA Standard Turabian Standard Chicago Standard

Introduction Citing ppl. noting the source of a quote, paraphrase, or idea as an authority or proof. Citing is the process of giving credit to the sources you used to write your paper. Citations can be located in the text or at the end of the work in a bibliography. It can be difficult to figure out what needs to be credited. Use this rule of thumb: If you knew a piece of information before you started doing research, generally you do not need to credit it. You also do not need to cite well-known facts, such as dates, which can be found in many encyclopedias. All other information such as quotations, statistics, and ideas should always be cited in your papers.

Anatomy of a Citation As you create your list of cited sources, it is helpful to know what type of information you need to write down. Parts of a Citation Orenstein, David. There is Intelligent Life on the Web. Computerworld. 32:39-42. Nov 30 1999. Author: Orenstein, David. Title: There is Intelligent Life on the Web. Title of Periodical: Computerworld. Volume: 32: Page(s): 39-42. Date: Nov 30 1999.

Format of Citation Formats for citing are consistent so that other researchers may quickly identify the sources you used and easily locate them. To find the guidelines for a particular format, you will need to look in a style manual. Your instructor will probably recommend a particular style manual such as APA, MLA, or Chicago Manual of Style. Each style manual format includes the same basic parts of that citation but may organize them slightly differently. Look at the examples of citations in APA format: Book: Jennings, C. (2000). The hundredth window: Protecting your privacy and security in the age        of the Internet. New York: Free Press. Article: Higgins, M. (1999). High tech, low privacy. ABA Journal, 85, 52-58. Web page: Computer and Internet Security. (2000). Retrieved March 24, 2002, from Library of Congress        Web site: http://lcweb.loc.gov/global/internet/security.html

Author(s) Date Title of Book Title of Article Title of Periodical APA Style APA Citation Style Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition Follow these color codes: Author(s) Date Title of Book Title of Article Title of Periodical Volume Pages Place of Publication Publisher Other Information Journal or Magazine Article (use for journals that start each issue with page one) Wilcox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star Trek:      The Next Generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65. Journal or Magazine Article (use for journals where the page numbering continues from issue to issue) Dubeck, L. (1990). Science fiction aids science teaching. Physics      Teacher, 28, 316-318.

APA Style Newspaper Article Di Rado, A. (1995, March 15). Trekking through college: Classes      explore modern society using the world of Star Trek. Los Angeles      Times, p. A3. Article from an Internet Database (for more details, see the American Psychological Association's official site) Mershon, D. H. (1998, November-December). Star Trek on the brain:      Alien minds, human minds. American Scientist, 86, 585. Retrieved      July 29, 1999, from Expanded Academic ASAP database. Book Okuda, M., & Okuda, D. (1993). Star Trek chronology: The history      of the future. New York: Pocket Books. Book Article or Chapter James, N. E. (1988). Two sides of paradise: The Eden myth according      to Kirk and Spock. In D. Palumbo (Ed.), Spectrum of the fantastic      (pp. 219-223). Westport, CT: Greenwood. Encyclopedia Article Sturgeon, T. (1995). Science fiction. In The encyclopedia Americana      (Vol. 24, pp. 390-392). Danbury, CT: Grolier.

APA Style ERIC Document Fuss-Reineck, M. (1993). Sibling communication in Star Trek: The Next      Generation: Conflicts between brothers. Miami, FL: Annual Meeting      of the Speech Communication Association. (ERIC Document      Reproduction Service No. ED 364932) Website (for more details, see the American Psychological Association's official site) Lynch, T. (1996). DS9 trials and tribble-ations review. Retrieved      October 8, 1997, from Psi Phi: Bradley's Science Fiction Club      Web site: http://www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html

APA Style Notes If you are using the style for Copy Manuscripts, doublespace all lines. If you are using the style for Final Manuscripts, singlespace all lines and skip a line in between each reference. Ask your professor which style to follow. Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc. Indent the second and following lines 5 to 7 spaces or one half inch. Use only the initials of the authors' first (and middle) names. If no author is given, start with the title and then the date. If you are using a typewriter that cannot produce italics, then use underlining instead. Magazine articles: include the month (and day) as shown under Newspapers. Websites: if the date the page was created is not given, use (n.d.). The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity.

MLA Style Book Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. Star Trek Chronology: The History      of the Future. New York: Pocket, 1993. Journal Article Wilcox, Rhonda V. "Shifting Roles and Synthetic Women in Star      Trek: The Next Generation." Studies in Popular Culture 13.2 (1991):      53-65. Newspaper or Magazine Article Di Rado, Alicia. "Trekking through College: Classes Explore Modern      Society Using the World of Star Trek." Los Angeles Times 15 Mar.      1995: A3. Book Article or Chapter James, Nancy E. "Two Sides of Paradise: The Eden Myth According to      Kirk and Spock." Spectrum of the Fantastic. Ed. Donald Palumbo.      Westport: Greenwood, 1988. 219-223. Encyclopedia Article   (well known reference books) Sturgeon, Theodore. "Science Fiction." The Encyclopedia Americana.      International ed. 1995.

MLA Style Encyclopedia Article   (less familiar reference books) Horn, Maurice. "Flash Gordon." The World Encyclopedia of Comics.      Ed. Maurice Horn. 2 vols. New York: Chelsea, 1976. Gale Reference Book   (and other books featuring reprinted articles) Shayon, Robert Lewis. "The Interplanetary Spock." Saturday Review       17 June 1967: 46. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed.      Sharon R. Gunton. Vol. 17. Detroit: Gale Research, 1981. 403. ERIC Document Fuss-Reineck, Marilyn. Sibling Communication in Star Trek: The Next      Generation: Conflicts between Brothers. Miami: Speech      Communication Assn., 1993. ERIC Document Reproduction Service      ED364932. Website Lynch, Tim. "DSN Trials and Tribble-ations Review." Psi Phi: Bradley's      Science Fiction Club. 1996. Bradley University. 8 Oct. 1997 <http://      www.bradley.edu/campusorg/psiphi/DS9/ep/503r.html>.

MLA Style Newspaper or Magazine Article on the Internet Andreadis, Athena. "The Enterprise Finds Twin Earths Everywhere It      Goes, But Future Colonizers of Distant Planets Won't Be So Lucky."      Astronomy Jan. 1999: 64- . Academic Universe. Lexis-Nexis. B.      Davis Schwartz Memorial Lib., Brookville, NY. 7 Feb. 1999 <http://      web.lexis-nexis.com/universe>. Literature Resource Center Shayon, Robert Lewis. "The Interplanetary Spock." Saturday Review       17 June 1967: 46. Rpt. in Contemporary Literary Criticism. Ed.      Sharon R. Gunton. Vol. 17. Detroit: Gale Research, 1981. 403.      Literature Resource Center. Gale Group. B. Davis Schwartz      Memorial Lib., Brookville, NY. 16 Oct. 2001 <http://      infotrac.galegroup.com/menu>.

MLA Style Notes Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc. Doublespace all lines. Indent the second and following lines 5 spaces (or one half inch). If no author is given, start with the title. Abbreviate the names of all months except May, June, and July. If the paging of a magazine or newspaper article is continued elswhere in the issue, include only the first page followed by a plus sign (ex. 25+.). If the encyclopedia does not arrange its articles alphabetically, treat the encyclopedia article as if it were a book article. Specific volume and page numbers are cited in the text, not in the list of references. Gale Reference Book: cite the original source being reprinted as shown under Book, Journal Article, Newspaper or Magazine Article, etc. The example shows a Magazine Article. Then include the citation information for the reference book. Websites: include the title of the web page, the name of the entire web site, the organization that posted it (this may be the same as the name of the website). Also include the full date the page was created or last updated (day, month, year if available) and the date you looked at it.

MLA Style Internet Magazine Articles: Include: The name of the database (underlined) and the company that created it and its home webpage; The full date of the article (day, month, year if available) and the date you looked at it; If you are citing a journal instead of a magazine, include the volume (and issue number) and date as shown under the Journal Style above. The library or other organization (and its location) that provided you with access to the database. As for page numbers, different databases will provide different information. Include the range of pages (ex. 25-28.); or the starting page followed by a hyphen, a blank space, and a period (ex. 64- .); or the total number of pages or paragraphs (ex. 12 pp. or 33 pars.). If no page information is given, then leave it out.

Chicago Manual Style Notes There are two different Chicago Styles. The one shown above is for a Reference List which is starting to become the more common one. See the printed manual for the other. Arrange the items on your reference list alphabetically by author, interfiling books, articles, etc. (section 16.93). Doublespace all lines (section 2.29). Indent the second and following lines (section 2.29). For ranges of page numbers, use an en dash instead of a hyphen (section 9.62). If no author is given, start with the title and then the date (section 17.32) - except with newspapers (see above). Journal, magazine, or newspaper article from a database: Follow the examples shown above. Then add the URL of the database's homepage after the period (it is not necessary to include the long link directly to the article). End the URL with a period (section 17.359). If the database gives the first page number of the article but not the last, use "ff." after the first number: 126ff. (section 17.131). Websites: (section 17.237) Include the title of the web page, the title of the entire website (or the owner of the website - these two might be the same, as in this example). Including the date you accessed the page is optional if it is not important that the contents might get revised or updated (section 17.12). The rules concerning a title within a title are not displayed here for purposes of clarity.