Differentiating Libraries through Enriched User Searching: FRBR Implementation in Virtua Back to Basics – and Flying Into the Future Cataloging 2007, Reykjavik, Iceland, 1-2 February 2007 John Espley, Director for Design, VTLS Inc.

VTLS and FRBR Current Virtua Release is Release 48 First FRBR customer (UCL) was in 2003 with Release 41 Important Split for Users Choose to implement FRBR Choose to ignore FRBR Have a mixed catalog with FRBR records and non-FRBR records

Virtua and FRBR MARC based system Mapping from regular cataloging to FRBR One record to three linked records Work, Expression, Manifestation Initial mapping done independently by LC (Tom Delsey) and by VTLS (John Espley) – there was little difference

Design Considerations in FRBR Design is a matter of choices; Good design is a matter of good choices Five key questions Store FRBR records? Have a pure or mixed FRBRized catalog? What tools are needed to support cataloging? How to display FRBR records? What features would users like?  

Design Considerations in FRBR Store FRBR Records (or FRBRize at display) ? Records are cataloged once assessed many times; FRBRizing at access was not optimal Collocation was easier for stored FRBR records Validations checks for works, expressions and manifestations was cleaner for stored records Cataloging was simpler and easily understood

Design Considerations in FRBR Have a Pure or Mixed FRBRized Catalog? Studies at VTLS and OCLC showed that about 18% of catalog records would gain by FRBRizing Pure catalogs would be easier to display but would require more effort to convert Mixed catalogs would take less overhead and provide for gradual (over time) implementation Mixed catalogs would provide for selective FRBRization if necessary

Design Considerations in FRBR What Tools are Needed to Support Cataloging? FRBRize button – converts any record to FRBR Automatic linking between W-E-M records Context sensitive validation for W-E-M records Copying “whole” FRBR tree from catalog to catalog Analyze catalog for FRBR candidates Batch FRBRize the whole catalog (as in LC music) UnFRBRize records for distribution & error correction

Design Considerations in FRBR How to Display FRBR Records? FRBR expandable tree structure Use of Icons FRBR reverse tree structure Music collections Bound with See examples that follow later

Design Considerations in FRBR What Features Would Users Like? Record sensitive displays – standard records display different form FRBR display Collocation Multilingual access based on FRBR data Navigation – hence reverse tree Circulation holds at W-E-M levels

FRBR Examples VTLS Implementation First FRBR customer was UCL in 2003 VTLS continues to create examples to demonstrate the use of FRBR in library catalogs Links to 12 examples on following slide The complete PowerPoint presentation can be found at: http://www.vtls.com/Corporate/FRBR.shtml

Click Corresponding button for example FRBR Examples Click Corresponding button for example VTLS Implementation Cataloging OPAC Related Works and Super Works Multi-Volume Set Series Collected or Selected Works Music Analytics Journal Indexing Art example Circulation Requests at Work/Expression Serials

FRBR Implementation

FRBR Demonstration Beethoven Example Things to pay attention to now Search on Author Beethoven Select Symphonies no. 6 View record and notice FRBR hierarchy Things to pay attention to now Notice the 001 and 004 tags Notice the 999 tag

Beethoven Example Search for Beethoven

Beethoven Example Select 6th Symphony. (Could also select 5 Beethoven and then 6th Symphony)

Beethoven Example Result is a FRBR Work record. (Expand tree by clicking on the plus sign)

Beethoven Example Tree is expanded to display FRBR Expressions. The 004 tag is the 001 of the Work.

Beethoven Example Expanding the tree again displays the FRBR Manifestations.

VTLS FRBR Features Single database can have FRBR and non-FRBR records System is “aware” of record type and changes displays as needed Display of FRBR records are in tree structure Local level fields have values of W, E, and M to indicate type of FRBR record 001 and 004 used as linking tags

FRBR OPAC

FRBR OPAC Screen captures of Virtua’s Web OPAC, iPortal, are presented to show user displays of a FRBR catalog.

FRBR OPAC Search by title

FRBR OPAC Select 1st entry in List

FRBR OPAC Result is a short record display. Click on FRBR tree

FRBR OPAC Result is the FRBR tree with brief info from Work and Expressions

FRBR OPAC Expression has been expanded to display brief info from Manifestations

FRBR OPAC Manifestation record with one owning institution

FRBR OPAC Manifestation record with several owning institutions

FRBR Related Works and Super Works

Work to Work Links “… when the modification of a work involves a significant degree of independent … effort, the result is … a new work.” FRBR, final report

Work to Work Links Types of different works: Paraphrases Rewritings Adaptations for children Musical variations on a theme Abstracts, digests, and summaries Adaptations from one form to another Dramatizations (book to movie, play, etc.) One graphic art medium to another

Super Work A Super (or Supra) Work is a record that has other works (sub works) related to it For example, the novel Beau Geste by P. C. Wren is one FRBR Work, and the several movies that have been created from the book are also separate FRBR Works. The Super work is an artificial creation that links all these related works together

Super Work The Work record for the “Super” Work of Beau Geste

Super Work The tree expanded to show the “sub works” of the Super Work The Work record for the novel (a sub work of the Super Work)

Super Work The Work record for the 1939 movie (a sub work of the Super

Super Work The tree expanded to show the Expression and Manifestations of the 1939 movie The Expression record for the 1939 movie

Super Work The 1926 movie also has two other sub works: music and a Program book The Work record for the 1926 movie

Super Work The tree expanded to show the Manifestations of the 1926 movie The Expression record for the 1926 movie

Super Work The tree expanded to show the Expression and Manifestations for the music (a sub work) of the 1926 movie The Manifestation record for the music of the1926 movie

FRBR Circulation Requests

Circulation Requests With a traditional system when you had multiple editions of a particular title (Work) you had to place individual requests on each edition (Manifestation). With a FRBR system, you only have to place a request at the Work or Expression level, and ANY item of ANY Manifestation will satisfy the request.

Circulation Requests Search for the title Action and Passion by Percival Christopher Wren

Circulation Requests The Work Record for Action and Passion

Circulation Requests The Expression record with the tree Expanded to show multiple Manifestations. You do not care which Manifestation you read. You just want one.

Circulation Requests The Manifestations in the next few examples show that items exist in different locations. This location is the Main Library.

Circulation Requests This location is the Mann Library

Circulation Requests This copy is in Green Valley

Circulation Requests This Manifestation has two copies: One each in the Main and Law Libraries.

Circulation Requests Instead of placing a Bib level request at each Manifestation, place the request on the Expression.

Circulation Requests The Request “wizard” is invoked by clicking on the “Add” button

Circulation Requests Once the request is made, the next time a qualifying item is encountered, it will be trapped. In this example, an item is being discharged from circulation.

Circulation Requests The Circulation module responds to the Check-in with a message that the item has a request on it

Circulation Requests The Check-in window displays the items that have been checked in and their status

Circulation Requests To verify that this is the right item (in our FRBR request example) we can either search for Action and Passion or right click and select to view the item record

Circulation Requests The trapped item is for the title Action and Passion

Circulation Requests We can look at the FRBR bibliographic information by right clicking and selecting Bibliographic Record

Circulation Requests The FBBR tree for Action and Passion with the Manifestation of the trapped item

FRBR Serials

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Atlantic Monthly Five Title Changes (1857, 1932, 1971, 1981, 1993) 11 Bibliographic Records in OCLC

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Each of the five basic titles in the “family” of Atlantic Monthly is a “sub-work” under the Super Work

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Each work has a linking field such as Continues or…

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Continued by

FRBR Serials (CR) Example The Expression level record has fields for frequency

FRBR Serials (CR) Example This is the Manifestation level record which has information such as title, page, imprint, LCCN and ISSN

FRBR Serials (CR) Example This is another Manifestation. In this case, the microform edition of the latest incarnation of Atlantic Monthly is shown.

FRBR Serials (CR) Example The fully expanded tree shows all of the Works, Expressions and Manifestations. There are 11 Manifestations which match the 11 original OCLC records.

FRBR Serials (CR) Example What happens when you search for Atlantic Monthly?

FRBR Serials (CR) Example The result set is a list of the records; Works and Manifestations which have the title Atlantic Monthly in them. Selecting the second entry, a Manifestation, results in…

FRBR Serials (CR) Example The tree expanded to the selected record

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Notice that at some point Atlantic Monthly absorbed two other titles. If you click on the hyperlink for Putnam’s magazine…

FRBR Serials (CR) Example records that have the title You get a result set of records that have the title of Putnam’s magazine in them. If you select the last entry on this screen…

FRBR Serials (CR) Example You get a FRBR tree that displays the “family” of records for Putnam’s magazine.

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Selecting any of the Works displays the information about that Work and expanding the entries will display the Expressions and Manifestations.

FRBR Serials (CR) Example If we had clicked on the hyperlink for Galaxy instead of Putnam’s magazine…

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Again, a result set since more than one record has the title, Galaxy, in it. Selecting the third record…

FRBR Serials (CR) Example Results in a non-FRBR record since there is only one for the title, Galaxy. There is no “family” of records.

Questions/Concerns Linking fields Need clearer, fuller definitions of WEM Need to look at MARC tag mappings Rules of Super Works Can FRBR work with CR?

FRBR Benefits For Librarians Collocation Easier cataloging Better organization to catalog Easier cataloging Reduction in cataloging load Work only cataloged once for all expressions under it Expression only cataloged once for all manifestations under it Item cataloging (already simple) remains the same

FRBR Benefits Greater Benefits For Users Collocation Easier to find information Single search retrieves all related materials even if cataloged in different languages or different subject headings Easier to see the different expressions of a single work Gives a better global picture Easier to find all manifestations

FRBR Benefits Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level Better understanding of relationships between related works or expressions

Virtua FRBR at UCL Universite Catholique De Louvain (UCL) has been a Virtua FRBR customer since December of 2003 UCL moved to a consortium environment in April of 2006

UCL feedback on FRBR What UCL “likes” about FRBR “For the first time we have the ability for a ‘global’ representation of an ‘intellectual’ or ‘artistic’ universe” (English translation of a thought in French) “Collocation is tremendous” “Visualization of the content by the end user” “Accessibility to ‘big’ works like ‘Bible’” “Very interesting for works of philosophers, great writers, and so on” “Ability to extract FRBR records in a non FRBR format … for exchange of data” “Structural relationships from work to work”

UCL feedback on FRBR What UCL “doesn’t like” so much “Difficulty” in getting precise information concerning different electronic ‘format’ “This is linked to the fact that Virtua/FRBR is MARC based and must live with the limitations of MARC” “No way, at present, to identify a FRBR record in the index entries at the point of display” VTLS comment : We think that this can be fixed.

Advantages of FRBR (for UCL) FRBR is opening the road to “New methods for cataloging” “Analyzing deeply notion of ‘seriality’ and dynamic structure of electronic resources” “New model for authority data” “New model for subject authorities, thesauri, subject classification (facets)”

Conclusion – Mood at UCL? Overall : Quite happy with FRBR implementation After three full years of experience they will never return to the old catalog All new institutions joining the consortium are required to embrace the FRBR implementation – so there is no further debate about a mixed environement.

FRBR – UCL Catalog Other Examples Other searches to try Title search: Also sprach Zarathustra Take first entry on the title list Title search: Chanson de Roland Click to next set and select entry with 13 hits; click on 13th record Title search: Communauté apostolique Click on first entry Author search: Zola, Emile Take entry Zola, Emile, 1840-1902 Germinal http://bib.sipr.ucl.ac.be/cgi-bin/gw_48_0_1f/chameleon?skin=wboreal

FRBR Preparation Library Task List Read FRBR documentation Study FRBR implementations to see benefits for library If there is interest, start a FRBR program Have VTLS run “Virtua FRBR Analysis Program” to determine what percentage of database records are good FRBR candidates General results: 5-18 % range

FRBR Preparation Library Task List Make purchasing decision for FRBR Schedule one day FRBR cataloging training Automatically convert selected records to FRBR using Virtua programs Check and correct auto conversion Open FRBR catalog to public Let the fun begin Live happily ever after!!

FRBR For further information or a copy of this presentation, please send an email to: Jack Bazuzi: bazuzij@vtlseurope.com Vinod Chachra: chachrav@vtls.com John Espley: espleyj@vtls.com For further information about VTLS, visit: www.vtls.com