G EOL 5320 A DVANCED I GNEOUS AND M ETAMORPHIC P ETROLOGY Modeling the Petrology and PGE Reef Mineralization of the Sonju Lake Intrusion December 7, 2009.

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Presentation transcript:

G EOL 5320 A DVANCED I GNEOUS AND M ETAMORPHIC P ETROLOGY Modeling the Petrology and PGE Reef Mineralization of the Sonju Lake Intrusion December 7, 2009

Sonju Lake Intrusion

TheSonjuLakeIntrusion From MGS Map M-71 (Miller et al., 1989)

Leucogranite Quartz ferromonzonite Apatitic olivine ferromonzodiorite Apatite olivine ferrodiorite Ol-bearing oxide gabbro Ol-bearing gabbro Troctolite- augite troctolite Dunite Melatroctolite PCFOAg PCFOAh PCFoi PC(O)fi POcfi O OP Modal Rock Names Cumulus Code Cumulus Mineral Mode Modal Variations Modal Variation and Cumulus Texture

Cryptic Variation

1 km >20 km >10 km Sheet-like Geometry of the Sonju Lake Intrusion Estimation of Bulk Composition Becomes a 1-dimensional problem

SiO247.6 TiO22.28 Al2O314.0 FeOt14.7 MnO0.21 MgO8.3 CaO9.4 Na2O2.47 K2O0.55 P2O50.30 Volatiles0.20 Total100.0 mg# 50.2 Sc34 V192 Cr111 Co75 Ni185 Rb20 Sr233 Ba171 Y20 Zr114 Nb17 Hf3.1 La14.7 Ce33.4 Sm 4.1 Eu1.6 Tb0.8 Yb2.1 Lu.32 Bulk Intrusion Composition = Parent Magma = moderately evolved olivine tholeiitic basalt From Miller and Chandler (1998) and Miller and Ripley (1997) Liquid Line of Descent Calculated by summing composition of rock column above a specific horizon

Fractional Crystallization Modelling CHAOS 2 (NIELSEN, 1990) Model Parameters : fO2 = -2 log QFM; trapped liquid = 20%

Cu (ppm) Discovery of Stratiform PGE Mineralization Skaergaard Intrusion Feb. 1999

PGEReef Outcrop Sampling

From Miller (1999) SLI Chemostratigraphy

Evolution of Sulfide in the Sonju Lake Intrusion

Exploration Drilling by FranconiaMinerals July 2002

1 cm Core Logging and Sampling Sampling Regime Phase 1 – 1’ sample every 10’ Phase 1- continuous 1’ across PMZ 423 Total Whole Rock Analyses Plagioclase 65-73%

Detailed Geochemical Profiling of the PMZ

SL02-1 Cu-Pd Ratios Precious Metals Zone (PMZ) Meters above Cu-Au break SL02-1 Pd (ppb) Cu/Pd after Barnes et al. (1993)

PMZ Metallogenesis What was the PGE mineralizing agent? Cu-Fe Sulfide - close physical association of PGM and “cumulus” chalcopyrite Why the paucity of sulfide in the PMZ? Sulfide dissolution by deuteric and low-T hydrothermal fluids – dissolution and replacement textures in sulfide associated with silicate alteration; secondary pyrite above PMZ Are the stratigraphic variations in grade primary? Yes for Pd & Pt, not for Cu and Au – Pd and Pt concentrations correlate to subtle silicate layering; textural evidence of unreactive PGM; experimental evidence of Au and Cu mobility in oxidizing fluids

PGE Mineralizing Agent? Cu-Fe Sulfide? Fe-Ti Oxide??? Data from SL02-1 PMZ 0 to 105m below Cu-Au Break

Meters above Cu-Au break Precious Metals Zone (PMZ) “Cumulus” Sulfide in the PMZ SL02-1 SL02-2 SL um Bn Cp

Paucity of Sulfide in PMZ? Uralitized Augite PGM Chl-ActUralite

Mobility of Sulfide

Desulfurization and Oxidation of Cu Sulfide

Are Metal Offsets Primary? Kinetic Model Preservation of variable degrees of disequilibrium during sulfide liquation Controls on Equilibrium Sulf/Sil distribution coefficient Diffusivity of metals in silicate melt Nucleation density of sulfide droplet Size/Growth rates of sulfide droplets Settling rate of sulfide (strain rate of silicate melt)

Relationship of PGE to Modal Variations in the PMZ Plagioclase Augite Fe-Ti Oxide

From Andersen et al. (1998) Correlation of Leucocratic Gabbro to Skaergaard Platinova Reefs

Restite PGM / Resorbed Sulfide Chlorite- Actinolite Cp Augite Pd-Sb 50 um Plagioclase Pd-Sb Cp Actinolite Augite 50 um Cp Pt-Pd-As 50 um

Correlation by Secondary Pd Peaks

Mineralization Model Mineralization Model “Downer” Stage Upgrading sulfide in intercumulus magma Initial sulfide saturation PGE scavenging of magma column complete

D sulf/sil ~ Rapid Diffusion D sulf/sil ~10 2 Slow Diffusion

Mineralization Model Mineralization Model “Upper” Stage

ClassicOffsetSkaergaard-type Meters above sulfide increase Comparing the SLI to other PGE reefs

IF ONLY.....

PGE reefs

PELE – MELTS-based Modeling Program developed by Alan Boudreau

MH - magnetite-hematite 4 Fe 3 O 4 + O 2 = 6 Fe 2 O 3 NiNiO nickel-nickel oxide 2 Ni + O 2 = 2 NiO FMQ fayalite-magnetite-qtz 3 Fe 2 SiO 4 +O 2 = 2 Fe 3 O SiO 2 WM wustite -magnetite 3 Fe 1-x O + O 2 ~ Fe 3 O 4 IW iron - wustite 2(1-x) Fe + O 2 = 2 Fe 1-x O QIF quartz-iron-fayalite 2 Fe + SiO 2 + O 2 = Fe 2 SiO 4 Common fO2 range for magmatic conditions arc non-arc Oxygen Buffers