Chapter 3 Chemical Compounds

Compounds combination of two or more elements molecular formulas for molecular compounds empirical formulas for ionic compounds K 2 Cr 2 O 7

Naming Binary Molecular Compounds Usually more metallic nonmetal first then change ending of second to –ide Use Greek prefixes for number, omit mono- for first nonmetal 1.Mono- 2.Di- 3.Tri- 4.Tetra- 5.Penta- 6.Hexa- 7.Hepta-

Binary Molecular Compounds H 2 Owater NH 3 ammonia H 2 Shydrogen sulfide COcarbon monoxide CS 2 carbon disulfide N 2 O 4 dinitrogen tetroxide CCl 4 carbon tetrachloride

Which of the following compounds is NOT named correctly? 1.NO 2 nitrogen dioxide 2.S 2 Cl 2 disulfur dichloride 3.OF 2 oxygen difluoride 4.ClFchlorine fluoride 5.SiCl 4 silicon tetrachloride

Organic Compounds - Ethanol Condensed formulaMolecular formula CH 3 CH 2 OH C 2 H 6 O

Hydrocarbons alkanes – C n H 2n+2 –octane alkenes – C n H 2n –Ethylene alkynes – C n H 2n-2 –acetylene C=C H HH H H―C≡C―H

Alkanes – C n H 2n+2 methane – CH 4 ethane – C 2 H 6 propane – C 3 H 8 butanes – C 4 H 10 pentanes – C 5 H 12 hexanes – C 6 H 14 heptanes – C 7 H 16 octanes – C 8 H 18 nonanes – C 9 H 20 decanes – C 10 H 22

Butane Butane molecules are present in the liquid and gaseous states in the lighter

Alcohols Replace ―H with ―OH

Alkanes and their Alcohols

Straight & Branch-Chain Alkanes

Some Common Alkyl Groups

Alkane Isomers

Naming Branch-Chain Alkanes select the longest chain alkane as the base name determine the side chains and give them a number corresponding to the carbon number on the base chain use Greek prefixes of mono-(1), bi-(2), tri(3), etc. for multiplicity of same side chain

Naming Branch-Chain Alkanes 2,2,4-trimethylpentane or iso-octane

The correct name for this compound is? CH 3 ―CH 2 ―CH―CH 2 ―CH 3 C2H5C2H5 1.3-ethylpropane 2.3-methylpentane 3.3-ethylpentane 4.heptane 5.2-ethylpentane

Cyclic hydrocarbons

IonicCompounds Characteristics of compounds with ionic bonding: non-volatile, thus high melting points solids do not conduct electricity, but melts (liquid state) do many, but not all, are water soluble

Formation of Ionic Compound, NaCl

Valance, Charge on Ions compounds have electrical neutrality metals form positive monatomic ions non-metals form negative monatomic ions balance charges Al 3+ O 2- Al 2 O 3

Valence of Metal Ions Monatomic Ions Group IA  +1 Group IIA  +2 Maximum positive valence equals Group A #

Valence of Non-Metal Ions Monatomic Ions Group VIA  -2 Group VIIA  -1 Maximum negative valence equals (8 – Group A #)

Charges on Some Common Monatomic Cations and Anions

Common metals with only one ion Al 3+ Zn 2+ Ag +

Polyatomic Ions

-ate and -ite NO 3 - nitrate NO 2 - nitrite -ate is great, -ite is slight -ate has one more oxygen than –ite hypo-underone less per-completelyone more

Name other ions by analogy with element above SeO 4 2- selenate BrO 3 - bromate HSe - hydrogen selenide H 2 AsO 4 - dihydrogen arsenate

Permanganate is? 1.MnO MgO MnO MnO 4- 5.MnO 4 -

IO - is? 1.hypoiodite 2.iodite 3.iodide 4.iodate 5.iodine monoxide