New Forms of Life: A Brief History Of Our Wireless Future UCSD 40/40 Vision Lecture Series UCSD, La Jolla, CA April 12, 2001

Supercomputers Give Us an Early View of the Mass Market Future 1985 Cray X-MP Supercomputer Located at National Center Cost: $8,000,000 No Built in Graphics 56 kbps NSFnet Backbone Personal Computer Located on Desktops Cost: $2,000 Interactive 3D Graphics 56 kbps Laptop Modem 2000

From Supercomputer Centers to the NSFnet to Today’s Commercial Internet Image: Cox, Patterson, NCSA

Tech Transfer From NCSA Has Enabled the Modern Web World 100 Commercial Licensees NCSA Programmers

The Internet is Poised to Move Throughout the Physical World Radio (1940s) Internet (1990s)

Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today Create Wireless Internet “Watering Holes” –Ad Hoc IEEE Domains –Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps –Security and Authentication can be Added –Home, Neighborhoods, Office, Schools? –MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major Hotels, Restaurants, … –UCSD—Key Campus Buildings, Dorms, Coffee Shops… “The future is already here, it’s just not evenly distributed” William Gibson, Author of Neuromancer

Governor Davis Created New Institutes for Science, Innovation, and Tech Transfer UCSB UCLA The California NanoSystems Institute UCSF UCB The California Institute for Bioengineering, Biotechnology, and Quantitative Biomedical Research UCI UCSD The California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology The Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (Proposed-UCB, UCD, UCSC, UCM) UCSC

½ Mile Commodity Internet, Internet2 Link UCSD and UCI Campus Wireless The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”— Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software SIO SDSC CS Chem Med Eng. / Cal-(IT) 2 Hosp High-speed optical core Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

MicroSensors Will Radically Alter the Human-Computer Interface Valveless Microfluidics Mechanical Stress and Acceleration Sensors Micro Optical Assemblies (Lenses and Mirrors) MEMS structures fabricated and tested at the UCI Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility 0.1 mm

The Perfect Storm: Convergence of Engineering with BioMed, Physics, & IT 5 nanometers Human Rhinovirus IBM Quantum Corral Iron Atoms on Copper 400x Magnification New Clean Facilities VCSELaser 500x Magnification 2 mm Nanogen MicroArray

Complex Problems Require a New Research and Education Framework UCSD & UCI Faculty Working in Multidisciplinary Teams With Students, Industry, and the Community The State Provides $100 M For New Buildings and Equipment

The UCSD Cal-(IT) 2 Building Preliminary Design New Media Arts Spaces –Research Lab –Visualization Labs –Audiovisual Editing Facilities –Gallery Space –Helping Design Auditorium Occupancy ,000 Gross SF

The Southern High Tech Coast Is Well Organized for Partnering From Bandwidth Bay to Wireless Valley –70,000 Fiber Strand-Miles Under Downtown SD –Nation’s Center for Wireless Companies San Diego Telecom Council – –200 Member Companies –SIGs on Optical, Wireless, Satellite, etc. UCSD CONNECT – –UCSD Program in Technology and Entrepreneurship Many Others –BIOCOM –Mayor’s Science and Technology Commission –UCI Chief Executive Roundtable –…

A Broad Partnership Response from the Private Sector Akamai Boeing Broadcom AMCC CAIMIS Compaq Conexant Copper Mountain Emulex Enterprise Partners VC Entropia Ericsson Global Photon IBM IdeaEdge Ventures Intersil Irvine Sensors Leap Wireless Litton Industries MedExpert Merck Microsoft Mission Ventures NCR Newport Corporation Orincon Panoram Technologies Printronix QUALCOMM Quantum R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical RI SAIC SciFrame Seagate Storage Silicon Wave Sony STMicroelectronics Sun Microsystems TeraBurst Networks Texas Instruments UCSD Healthcare The Unwired Fund WebEx Computers Communications Software Sensors Biomedical Startups Venture Firms Large Partners >$10M Over 4 Years $140 M Match From Industry

Elements of the Cal -(IT) 2 Industrial Partnerships Endowed Chairs for Professors Start-Up Support for Young Faculty Graduate Student Fellowships Research and Academic Professionals Sponsored Research Programs Equipment Donations for Cal-(IT) 2 and Campus Named Laboratories in new Institute Buildings Pro Bono Services and Software

The Wireless Internet Can Create Intelligent Transportation Institute Scope –Sensor based real-time monitoring of traffic & cars –Extension of the Internet into automobiles –Mobile commerce Related Centers

The High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone

The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links Cal-(IT) 2 Will Develop and Install Wireless Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis Management Control Rooms Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

Can Use of These Technologies Help Us Avoid the Downsides of Prolonged Growth? Add Wireless Sensor Array Build GIS Data Focus on: –Pollution –Water Cycle –Earthquakes –Bridges –Traffic –Policy Work with the Community to Adapt to Growth Huntington Beach Mission Bay San Diego Bay UCSD UCI High Tech Coast

High Resolution Data Analysis Facility Linked by Optical Networks to PACI TeraGrid Planned for Fall 2001 at SIO Support from SDSC and SDSU Panoram Technologies, SGI, Sun, TeraBurst Networks, Cox Communications, Global Photon Institute Industrial Partners

From Telephone Conference Calls to Access Grid International Video Meetings Access Grid Lead-Argonne NSF STARTAP Lead-UIC’s Elec. Vis. Lab Creating a Virtual Global Research Lab

Cal-(IT) 2 Will Seek to Foster Links Between Art, Technology, & Science “UCSD ”

Wireless “Pad” Web Interface The Institute Facilitates Faculty Teams to Compete for Large Federal Grants Deep Web Surface Web Proposal-Form a National Scale Testbed for Federating Multi-scale Brain Databases Using NIH High Field NMR Centers Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD Duke UCLA Cal Tech Stanford U. Of MN Harvard NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD Cal-(IT) 2 SDSC

Why Not Constantly Compute on Federated Repositories? Currently –Instrument Coordinates –Virtual Human NLM Project –Transformations to Organ Coordinates –Surgical View of Body –Define Differences in Organs –Eg. UCLA Human Brain Mapping Project—Art Toga –Fly Through Organs –Virtual Colonoscopy ( Future –Train AI Software on –Millions of Human Image DataSets –Define Distribution Functions –Thresholds for Medical Attention –Life Cycle of Single Individuals –Automatic Early Warnings

As Our Bodies Move On-Line Bioengineering and Bioinformatics Merge New Sensors—Israeli Video Pill –Battery, Light, & Video Camera –Images Stored on Hip Device Next Step—Putting You On-Line! –Key Metabolic and Physical Variables –Wireless Internet Transmission –Model -- Dozens of 25 Processors and 60 Sensors / Actuators Inside of our Cars Post-Genomic Individualized Medicine –Combine Your Genetic Code & Imaging, with Your Body’s Data Flow –Use Powerful AI Data Mining Techniques

How Will You Know if The Kids Are on the Internet? It connects to the audio piece and works like a tiny monitor that projects an image through the really cool bug-eye monocle into my eye. It has lots of ‘serious’ applications, but my favorite is to watch ‘Buffy’. My mom has already realized that when the video is on, the lenses become less transparent. That way she knows if I’m really paying attention to her or reading my . She’s caught on quickly. projects/wearables/mit-ideo/

Multiplayer Computer Games Form Interactive Fantasy Worlds Persistent Evolving Worlds –Players Build Cybertowns 3D Multiplayer Worlds –"EverQuest The online, real-time fantasy world lets players assume the roles of warriors and wizards for days on end... As the decade closed, this was the nearest you could get to being on a Star Trek holodeck."

The Future Will Not Resemble the Past The emergence of Peer-to-Peer computing signifies a revolution in connectivity that will be as profound to the Internet of future as Mosaic was to the Web of the past.” --Patrick Gelsinger, VP and CTO, Intel Corp.

Broadband Will Connect 30 Million Homes and Small Businesses in Three Years PCs Always On High Bandwidth Access Corporate Drivers –Ford Motor Co. is Buying Home PCs for All its Employees –IBM Is Using SBC to Supply 12,000 Employees with Home DSL Internet Connections Stage is Set for Explosion of Internet Computing –Tie PCs Together as Virtual Megacomputer Source: Kinetic Strategies Inc., Gilder Technology Report Pioneer Consulting

Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing Could Grow to Megacomputers Running on 500,000 PCs, ~1000 CPU Years per Day –Over Half a Million CPU Years so far! –22 Teraflops sustained 24x7 Sophisticated Data & Signal Processing Analysis Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope Next Step- Allen Telescope Array Arecibo Radio Telescope

Extending the Grid to Planetary Dimensions Using Distributed Computing and Storage AutoDock Application Software Has Been Downloaded to Over 20,000 PCs Nearly 3 Million CPU-Hours Computed In Silico Drug Design Art Olson, TSRI

Why Will a Million Processor Computer Be Different? Individual Processors Running at Gigaflops –One Million Means a Collective Petaflops –One Petaflops is Roughly a Human Brain-Second –Morovec-Intelligent Robots and Mind Transferral –Koza-Genetic Programming –Kurzweil-The Age of Spiritual Machines –Joy-Humans an Endangered Species?

Things Are About to Get Very Interesting… 1 Million x Source: Hans Moravec Will the Grid Become Self- –Organizing –Powered –Aware?