Lecture 6 Sample preparation.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture 6 Sample preparation

Blood Samples: Blood: arterial capillary venous Composition of blood plasma Component Percent Water ~92 Proteins 6–8 Salts 0.8 Lipids 0.6 Glucose (blood sugar) 0.1 Blood serum is blood plasma without fibrinogen or the other clotting factors (i.e., whole blood minus both the cells and the clotting factors)

Blood Samples: Anticoagulants: lithium heparin sodium heparin NaF sodium citrate EDTA Serum: no anticoagulant Plasma: centrifugation with anticoagulant present Blood cells: erythrocytes

Urine 20-50 mL Stomach content 25 -50 mL Tissue Hair, nails 2-5 g if possible Many of options in postmortem work

Organic Compounds Solid Liquid Sampling Isolation Optional protein precipitation Homogenize in buffer Liquid Optional protein precipitation Isolation Single step liquid-liquid extraction Multiple step liquid-liquid extraction Solid phase extraction (pre)concentration DATA COLLECTION Data processing and interpretation

Air/gas sampling canisters bags Cleaned Polyurethane Foam (PUF) Cartridges and Resins

Solid Phase Extraction cartridges

Headspace vial Caps & septa

Microdiffusion (Conway) cell Preconcentration of volatile compounds

Liqiud phase microextraction (LPME) A 1 mL drop at the end of a syringe needle. A simple device for headspace LPME. Stirring and thermostating are optional.

SPME

Solvent extraction techniques

Filters: Can be also used for Solid Phase Extraction

Solid Phase Extraction

Inside the SPE cartridge…

Various sorption techniques: centrifuge positive pressure

Large volumes:

SPE extraction: Lots of junk removed!