16 vi 06Program Review Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology KIPAC Strategic Overview D(OE)Day 2006 Roger D. Blandford

26 vi 06Program Review FKB Dedication *March *3yr. after Inauguration *Reps Eshoo & Honda *Fred Kavli speech in Congressional Record

36 vi 06Program Review Physics-Astrophysics Building *Complete July *Move August *Share w HEPL *2 floors labs *2 floors offices *Campus center *Retain offices on 2nd, 3rd floor Varian *Fast link with FKB *Primary offices, secondary space

46 vi 06Program Review Personnel *33 Full Members *6 Associate Members *20 Postdocs *36 students (including rotators and students of members) 5 New Joint Faculty Members 2 Senior, 3 Junior

56 vi 06Program Review Transitions *Departures –Five postdocs have faculty positions! Frolov, [Lyutikov], Peterson, Sako, Spitkovsky –Marshall->UCSB TABASGO Fellowship –Three grad students -> postdocs *Arrivals –Offer to joint theory assistant professor –Jha - Panofsky Fellow –Eight new postdocs (three GLAST) Alvarez, Escala, Funk, Kazantzides, Nagataki, Oguri, Paneque, Stawarz –Seven new grad students admits declare interest in astrophysics

66 vi 06Program Review Risa Wechsler (Fall 2006) *New Assistant Professor *Galaxy Formation and Growth of Structure *Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, Chicago *Numerical simulations and data analysis ofSloan Digital Sky Survey Data *Dark Energy Survey Team Member *Non-programmatic search *Felicitously a programmatic appointment as ideal person to phenomenological support of LSST *Also some particle physics background *Very interested in teaching and outreach activity Next Searches (Provisional): Junior Experimental Physicist, GLAST physics

76 vi 06Program Review KIPAC Director R. Blandford Deputy Director S. Kahn KIPAC PHYSICS S. Allen R. Blandford V. Petrosian COMPUTING T. Abel S. Marshall LSST S. Kahn K. Gilmore GLAST PHYSICS R. Blandford E. Bloom GLAST ISOC R. Cameron S.Kahn SNAP W. Craig ENTERPRISE B. Cabrera S. Church T. Kamae SLAC PPA Division PPA Director P. Drell Physics Department HEPL Director R. Byer Deputy Director B. Cabrera HEPL / KIPAC Managing Director N. Christiansen VP Research A. Bienenstock Assistant C. Aguilar Assistant M. Siegel LAT P. Michelson KIPAC Advisory Board >170 people SLAC supports <6 postdocs Assistant Z. Mahdavi

86 vi 06Program Review KIPAC Science Organization *Organized administratively into: –KIPAC Physics (Steve Allen/Roger Blandford) Joint organization mixing Campus, SLAC –GLAST-Physics (Roger Blandford/Elliott Bloom) SLAC organization interfaces with LAT project and campus Dark matter, particle acceleration, relativistic outflows –GLAST-ISOC(Rob Cameron/Steve Kahn) –KIPAC Computing(Tom Abel/Stuart Marshall) *Encourage scientific interactions –Actively encouraging collaborations and discussions through: Teas Seminars Cosmology tutorials GLAST meetings Joint GLAST student tutorials etc. … FKB is great for this!

96 vi 06Program Review The Science of KIPAC *Particle Astrophysics –Black Holes, Neutron Stars, White Dwarfs… –GRBs, magnetars, supernovae… –Accretion disks and jets… –Relativistic shocks, particle acceleration, UHECR… –Solar Physics *Cosmology –Dark energy, dark matter –Gravitational lenses –Clusters of galaxies and intergalactic medium –Microwave background observations –First stars, galaxy formation –Supernovae

106 vi 06Program Review EPP2010: Revealing the Hidden Nature of Space and Time *Objectives: LHC, ILC, Particle Astrophysics, Physics *Action Item 4: *Scientific priorities at the interface of particle physics, astrophysics, and cosmology should be determined through a mechanism jointly involving NSF, DOE, and NASA, with emphasis on DOE and NSF participation in projects where the intellectual and technological capabilities of particle physicists can make unique contributions. The committee recommends that an increased share of the current U.S. elementary particle physics research budget should be allocated to the questions identified below. *Three major questions in astrophysics and cosmology research could lead to discoveries with potentially momentous implications for particle physics: *The direct detection of dark matter in terrestrial laboratories, which then could be combined with measurements of candidate dark matter particles produced in accelerators. (CDMS2,Ted Baltz) *The precision measurement of the cosmic microwave background polarization, which would probe the physics during the inflation that appears to have occurred within a tiny fraction of a second following the Big Bang. (QUaD, QUIET, RB) *The measurement of key properties of dark energy. (LSST, SNAP, RB, Steve Kahn)

116 vi 06Program Review SUSY Dark Matter *Baltz et al have carried out a major study of the joint constraints that GLAST and LHC will be able to set on the nature of dark matter if it comprises supersymmetric particles. Further implications for the Linear Collider have also been given. *Wai and Peng have extended these calculations to allow for the possibility that that the dark matter in the Milky Way is clumped. Wai, Peng Baltz, Battaglia, Peskin, Wizansky Baltz, Wai will discuss Explore below on and above ground !

126 vi 06Program Review QUaD *High angular resolution observations of microwave background *E-mode measurements of linear polarization Church et al

136 vi 06Program Review SDSS-II Supernova Survey Successful 2005 run: spectroscopically confirmed 120 type Ia (+12 probable Ia) SNe in the “redshift desert” Hobby-Eberly Telescope: confirmed 40 high-z Ia (z > 0.2) highest z=0.42 Analysis underway. SN2005hkSN2005ja Ia-pec z= Ia z=0.322 Masao Sako, Roger Romani, Chen Zheng, Roger Blandford, Steve Kahn

146 vi 06Program Review Bayesian analysis of gravitational lens modeling *Suyu, Marshall and Blandford have devised new methods for inverting gravitational lenses that allow the lens mass distribution to be inferred in a model-independent fashion.

156 vi 06Program Review Kinematical vs dynamical models of X-ray cluster data Constant jerk parameter j models Constant equation of state w models q 0 = j =  m = w = Rapetti, Allen, Amin, RB

166 vi 06Program Review Black Holes are Green By studying the inner regions of nine elliptical galaxies with Chandra, Steve Allen and colleagues have measured the rate at which hot gas accretes onto massive black holes in the nuclei of elliptical galaxies to form outflowing jets which create huge cavities in the surrounding gas. NGC 4696 They were able to compute the efficiency of the black holes which is impressively high, ~0.02. This research was the subject of a recent NASA Space Science Update.

176 vi 06Program Review First stars (Abel, Wise & Bryan) *Radiative transfer incorporated in gas dynamical/chemistry AMR codes for first time *Simulate what a newly formed star does to its environment.

186 vi 06Program Review The “warm-hot” intergalactic medium Roughly half of the baryons in the local universe is thought to exist in the form of warm-hot intergalactic gas. Chandra observations of the nearby BL Lac object Mrk 421appeared to show absorption lines from highly ionized Oxygen. An analysis of a longer XMM- Newton observation by Rasmussen, Kahn et al showed that these features are probably spurious so that this gas has not yet been discovered.

196 vi 06Program Review Gamma Ray Jets *Study properties of AGN jets as will be observed by GLAST *Large observational program with VLBA *X-ray observations with Chandra *Instrument simulations *Phenomenological studies *Theoretical investigations *Blandford, EdCeS, Kamae, Madejski, Tajima….. *Several students interested

206 vi 06Program Review Swift observations of long GRBs A two component jet model fit to the X- ray light curve of gamma-ray burst , designed to explain the flat decay phase. This has implications for the efficiency and energy budget of GRBs, as well as for the physics of collisionless relativistic shocks. Granot et al

216 vi 06Program Review Pulsar magnetospheres *3D simulation of the structure of magnetic field in force-free approximation. This is a classic problem first posed by Scharlemann and Wagoner in 1971 and is now solved. It can be used to predict the gamma ray emission that will be seen by GLAST. Spitkovsky

226 vi 06Program Review 3D Relativistic MHD simulation of Black Hole Accretion Disk *This is what a distant observer would see if she could image the inner parts of the disk as may be possible one day. *The inner ring is a gravitationally lensed image of the accretion torus produced as light orbits the black hole on its path to the observer. Fuerst

236 vi 06Program Review Projects Status *GLAST –LAT shipped; 2007 launch –GLAST physics progressing –Integrate campus and SLAC efforts *LSST –Approved by EPAC, January 2006 –Director’s Review- March 2006 –Presentation to P5 - April 2006 *SNAP –SLAC involved with electronics and fine guidance system (joint with Lockheed). *QUaD/QUIET(Church) –Results/NSF Funding *NuSTAR –Cancelled by NASA one month ahead of technology review (Exploration initiative, shuttle/space station, and overruns on science missions *PoGO (Kamae) –Japanese-Swedish-NASA; no DOE

246 vi 06Program Review GLAST ISOC Development *Operations systems –ISOC participating in GLAST ground system tests with NASA Next GLAST operations test scheduled for July 2006 Next operations software release (2.0) in late June 2006 –ISOC also supporting LAT Integration & Test *Science systems –LAT Data Challenge 2 March – May 2006 Exercises ISOC science analysis software and processing Based on 55 days of simulated LAT data for entire sky *ISOC Operations Facility at SLAC –Operations control room area and dataflow lab located in Building 84 (Central Lab Annex) –Build-out and dataflow lab extension scheduled for August January 2007 –ISOC operations staff offices also moving to Building 84 The DC2 Sky LAT Shipped May 2006! Eduardo do Couto e Silva

256 vi 06Program Review LSST Precision on DE Parameters Phil Marshall - Breakout

266 vi 06Program Review LSST Camera Assembly Filter in stored location L1 Lens L2 Lens Shutter L1/L2 Housing Camera Base Ring Camera Housing Cryostat outer cylinder Cold Plates L3 Lens in Cryostat front-end flange Raft Tower (Raft with Sensors + FEE) Filter Carousel main bearing Utility Trunk Filter in light path Filter Changer rail paths Focal Plane fast actuators BEE Module

276 vi 06Program Review The NASA/DOE Joint Dark Energy Mission *Will probe DE primarily via measurement of Type 1a SNe to constrain the d L versus z relationship, and through weak lensing. *Joined SNAP collaboration *Plan is for SLAC to design and develop the Observatory Control Unit and associated flight software – builds well on SLAC experience in GLAST. *Strong lensing science *The recent NASA/DOE cooperative agreement makes it clear that the SLAC experience in working with both agencies will be a key asset for this project. BE Program deferred

286 vi 06Program Review The polarization signal PoGOLite will measure in 6 hrs for the first peak (P1, 3ms wide) of Crab Pulsar for the polar cap (red), slot gap/caustic (blue) and outer gap (black) models. Additional constraints will come from the second peak and the interpulse. Balloon-borne X-ray polarization experiment, PoGOLite the polar cap model the caustic model the outer gap model Predictions by: Kamae et al.

296 vi 06Program Review Computing Plans *Central to KIPAC’s future –Large ambitions, strong needs *White Paper -Twin Goals: –To contribute effectively scientifically in LSST (~30PB) era Evolution: SDSS2, HAGGLES, Millennium…. LSST –To perform prescriptive simulations of cosmic phenomena in 6D Radiative transfer, kinetic theory of plasmas, chemistry… *“GBACC” meeting at SLAC *Pierre Schwob Computing Center *Joint SCIDAC proposals with UCSC etal *Effective participation by SCS in LSST-Computing *Working with other parts of SLAC

306 vi 06Program Review Summary *Great scientific contributions over a wide a range of particle astrophysics and cosmology *Integrated into reorganized SLAC *New building(s) *Ambitious computing plans *Impressive progress on GLAST (2007), LSST *SDSS-2, QUIET very promising *SNAP enthusiasm and participation. NASA??? *Other possibilities being explored, like HED physics