Roger Ruber, Volker Ziemann, Gergana Hamberg Uppsala University FREIA Facility for Research Instrumentation and Accelerator Development Roger Ruber, Volker Ziemann, Gergana Hamberg Uppsala University

The European Spallation Source 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

The European Spallation Source (ESS) Lund, Sweden, next to MAX-IV 5 MW pulsed neutron source 14 Hz rep. rate, 4% duty factor >95% reliability for user time Cost estimates (2008 prices) 1,5 G€ / 10 years Time frame: 2 years design update (TDR) (overlap with 5y prepare-to-build) 5 years construction first neutrons 2019 High intensity allows studies of complex materials, weak signals, time dependent phenomena 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

ESS Cost Estimates Investment: 1478 M€ / ~10y Operations: 89 M€ / y Decomm. : 346 M€ (Prices per 2008-01-01) 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

International Collaboration Sweden, Denmark and Norway covers 50% of cost 17 Partners today The remaining ESS members states together with EIB cover the rest! 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

ESS Layout and Energy Usage Artists Impression ESS Layout and Energy Usage Klystrons ~30 MW Liquifiers 69 GWh/y Ion source 7 GWh/y Instruments 5 GWh/y Accelerator 123 GWh/y Target station 11 GWh/y 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

Sustainable Energy Management Responsible Renewable Goal: carbon neutral Recyclable 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

The Master Schedule 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

The Accelerator single pass linear proton accelerator 5 MW p+: 50 mA, 2.5 GeV, 14 Hz, 2.86 ms < 1 W/m losses 95% user beam time reliability normal conducting (room temperature) electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) drift tube linac superconducting (liquid helium temperature) double spoke resonators (DSR) elliptical cavities © CERN CDS 6808042 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility 9

RF Generation and Distribution System 200 cavities (352 + 704 MHz) 200 RF systems: modulator, klystron, distribution, controls 5 MW beam → 20 MW RF, (losses and LLRF overhead) R&D objectives energy efficiency and operational costs reductions produce technical design, with cost estimate, to start tendering 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility 10

Test Stand Objectives Prototype baseline design and acceptance testing of production elements ion source RFQ, bunchers, DTLs, spokes and elliptical cavities power couplers, tuners, cryo-modules RF system including power sources, distribution and controls (LLRF) 200 Accelerating structures and RF distribution points minor fault might create a major risk must ensure low beam loss operation to prevent activation of accelerator components major part of the accelerator budget must be cost, energy and resource effective for construction & operation Training of future staff prototyping moved to 5 years P2B (in parallel to 2 years ADU) 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

Examples of Issues to be Addressed High losses in the linac Action: Comprehensive studies of beam dynamics (simulations and theory) Poor reproducibility in cavity performance Action: Quality control during manufacturing and prototyping of a sufficient large number of cavities Limits in cavity performance due to field emission Action: Comprehensive design studies, prototyping and comprehensive tests of cavities and complete cryomodules Limits in RF system performance Action: Prototyping, sufficient contingency in design Delivery and installation RF system Action: Study alternatives, staging of beam power and energy 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

FREIA Test Facility at Uppsala University 4 Years development phase prototyping of LLRF and HLRF solutions training of students and staff 4 Years development phase 2011 – 2012: design, tendering 2013 – 2014: commissioning, R&D RF systems (components & concepts) 2015 and beyond: energy efficiency, component testing Hardware: HV pulse modulator 704 MHz klystron (1.5 MW) RF distribution system LLRF system 2 SRF elliptical cavities helium liquefier 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

New Experiment Hall 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

FREIA RF System HV pulse modulator Klystron HLRF distribution LLRF 14 Hz, 3.5 ms Klystron 704 MHz, 1.5 MW peak 2.86 ms pulse HLRF distribution 0, 1, 2 cavities fast vector modulator LLRF RF regulation, cavity tuning 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

FREIA Cryogenic System Multiple users transport dewar filling horizontal test cryostat future vertical test cryostat Liquid helium ~140 l/h peak load at 4 K ~2000 l storage dewar ~8 g/s, 80 W peak load at 2 K Recovery system 30 m3/h average 50 m3/h peak load (minutes) 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

FREIA Test Cryostat internal volume for 2x 704 MHz cavities (3.5 m x Φ 1.1 m) to test two-cavities-per-klystron concept operation temperature range 1.5 – 2.2 and 4.2 – 4.6 K base on existing designs: CHECHIA, CryoHoLab, HoBiCat or prototype ESS cryostat design? 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

HoBiCaT (HZ Berlin, BESSY) J. Knobloch et al., HoBiCaT – A test facility for superconducting RF systems, Proc. SRF’03. internal volume 3.5 m x Φ 1.1 m range 1.5 – 2.2 K, 4.2 K stability ±0.1 mbar (1.8K), 1mbar (4.2K) integrated 2K cold box supply: 180 l/h at 4.2 K (Linde TCF50) pumps for 80W at 1.8K LN2 thermal shield cooling 50 l 2K cold box 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

CryHoLab (Orsay, CEA Saclay) H. Saugnac et al., “CryHoLab”, a new horizontal test cryostat for SCRF cavities, Proc. SRF’99, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility

CHECHIA Cryostat (CEA Saclay, DESY) P. Clay et al., Cryogenic and electrical test cryostat for instrumented superconductive RF cavities (CHECHIA) Proc. CEC/ICMC’95, Columbus, Ohio, USA (TESTLA-95-21) one horizontal positioned TTF cavity 29-Sep-2011 Roger Ruber - FREIA Test Facility