Determinants of Moral Behavior Characteristics (Moral Intensity) of the Issue Social Characteristics Relationships with “others” Type of Relationships Structure of Relationships Individual Characteristics Situational Characteristics Level of Cognitive Moral Development Cognitive Dissonance Recognize the moral Issue Make a Moral Judgment (establish Intent) Engage in Moral Behavior Steps towards moral behavior

Ethical Decision-Making Process Identify Action, Decision, or Behavior to be Taken Articulate all dimensions of proposed Action, decision, or behavior Conventional Approach Standards Norms Personal Organizational Societal International Principles Approach Ethical Principles Justice Rights Utilitarianism Golden Rule Ethics Screening Proceed / Engage Passes Ethics Screens Do Not Proceed Identify new course of Action Care Approach Relational ontology & ideal Attentiveness Contextual Ethical Tests Approach Common Sense One’s Best Self Public Disclosure Ventilation Purified Idea Gag Test Fails Ethics Screens

Ethical Choice Tool (Most Frequently Used?) Magnitude of Consequence? Likelihood of discovery? Driven by self-interest

Bremer’s “big picture” perspective More of a “goal” oriented process

Ethical Maturity Cognitive Moral Development Levels –First Stage Focus on Self –Second Stage Uncritically accept conventional standards –Third Stage (maturity) Evaluate previous standards in an effort to develop more appropriate ones