SSRL: A Vision for the Future Joachim Stöhr, SSRL Director SSRL 32 nd Annual Users' Meeting October 17, 2005 Present status Management vision and goals Future scientific opportunities and facilities

Present Status

SPEAR3: A State-of-the-art 3 rd Generation X-ray Source Shanghai LS: 3.5 Diamond (UK): 3.0 Australian LS: 3.0 Canadian LS: 2.9 Soleil (France): 2.5 Swiss LS: GeV ALS 7GeV APS Photon Energy (keV) Spectral Brightness 3 GeV, SPEAR3 New sources are in 2.5 – 3.5 GeV range:

Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05 Jul-05 SPEAR3 Performance

Feb. 4 – Aug. 1, 2005 run delivered 95% of scheduled user shifts. 760 experimental starts on 19 beam line stations. 900 users were badged to perform experiments. User demand was 150% of available resources. 89% US users: Univ. (53%), Nat. Labs (29%), Industry (7%). 11% foreign users: Univ. (8%), Labs. (3%). FY 2005 Experimental Run Summary

FY 2006 Experimental Run Dates: November 28, 2005 to August 7, 2006 holiday shutdown Dec. 23 (4 pm) – January 3 (8 am) but run extension August 1 – 7 provides 3 more days and availability of 7 more BLs

BLs 7-1, 7-2, 7-3 are being totally rebuilt and will come up in February Bl 4-2: SAXS camera & software BL 6: K-B and TXRF system SSRL Facility Upgrades

State-of-the-art 3 rd generation storage ring Most beam lines operational Extremely reliable operation at 100 mA Ring test of 500 mA operation successful – beam in BL 6 Upgrade of insertion device lines toward 500 mA operation to be completed by end 2006 Upgrade of bending magnet beam lines by 2007 …but even with completion of upgrade program Full science potential of SPEAR3 will not have been realized SPEAR3 - Present Status and BL Upgrades talks tomorrow by Bob Hettel & Tom Rabedeau

Vision and goals

Director’s Statement I want SSRL to be known for : Its world-class science Its caring for employees and users safety Its value to DOE and other stakeholders (e.g. NIH) Its importance within SLAC and Stanford

The New SSRL Directorate

SSRL’s Future Role within SLAC One of three pillars of photon science program at SLAC SSRL LCLS SSRL program can maintain vitality for more than 10 years Science programs complementary to LCLS Important part of research in Centers is linked to SSRL Significant additional scientific opportunities exist Challenge is: Full utilization of SPEAR3 capabilities Identification of new opportunities Funding of new facilities Centers of Excellence Ultrafast Center X-Ray Lab. of Advanced Mat. …….

SSRL administrative plans: Create “Scientific Advisory Committee” (SAC) in addition to “Proposal Review Panel” (PRP) SAC formation nearly complete Review recruiting and retention (career) issues of staff scientists. Task force to make recommendations Charge drafted

SPEAR3 - Opportunities and New Facilities Opportunities identified over last 3 years by: SSRL scientific staff, users and faculty Plan supported by outside committee and by SSRL PRP chaired by S. Sinha (UCSD) and R. Chianelli (UTEP, also PRP Chair) List expanded by discussions within directorate / faculty First implementation stage has 3 year horizon (next DOE review in 2008)

Funded and in process: Structural Molecular Biology BL 12 (Caltech funded) Soft X-Ray Facility BL 13 (DOE funded) Hard X-Ray Microscope - TXM (NIH funded) Proposals to DOE-BES 2005: High Resolution Photoemission BL (under review) Small Angle X-Ray Scattering BL (end of year) Nanoscale Dynamics Research (end of year) In planning: Superconducting in-vacuum undulator source (Stanford (donor) / DOE) - inelastic x-ray scattering station - hard x-ray microscopy (STXM) station Other - capture new opportunities: e.g. high-throughput SMB bend beam lines SPEAR3 - New Facilities

Existing Beam Lines 7 IDs – in blue color 4 bends – in red color 27 experimental stations, 23 operate simultaneously BLs under construction : BL12: Macromolecular crystallography BL in-vacuum undulator. Moore gift to Caltech ($12.4M to SSRL) - Q1/07 BL13: Soft x-ray nanoscience BL variable polarization undulator – microscopy, coherent scattering, spectroscopy funded by DOE-BES - move from BL5 in ‘07 BL13 ID BL12 Easy-access new source points (ID and B) 2 – 1.5 m ID - small gap ( one used for BL12) m ID ( one used for BL 13 ) m ID 3 - bends Easy-access new source points (ID and B) 2 – 1.5 m ID - small gap ( one used for BL12) m ID ( one used for BL 13 ) m ID 3 - bends SPEAR3 – Beam Lines and Expansion Capacity Possible number of stations 19 IDs 17 bends

Funded beam lines – in process

Funded through Moore Foundation gift to Caltech In-vacuum small gap undulator - on order KB focusing optics, beam size - 20 µm x 200 µm Microdiffractometer for micro-crystal studies Protein Crystallography BL12 Installation of ID and beam line in 2006 shutdown PRT beam line with 60% general user time

Funded DOE Proposal Soft X-ray BL 13 with 3 Endstations EPU SGM STXM Coherent, Resonant X-ray Scattering Nanoscience, environmental science, chemistry and biology To be moved from BL fall 2007 Adv. Spectrosc. SPECKLE STXM SPECKLE Spectroscopy

slit reflective Condenser MZP CCD Si(Li) x y BL 6-2 spatial resolution: 20 nm Energy: 3 keV – 14 keV 2D and 3D Imaging Fluorescence microprobe integral Various contrast modes: absorption contrast, Zernike phase contrast Hard X-Ray Microscopy Facility on BL 6-2

Beam line proposals 2005

New ARPES Branch on Beam Line 5 New EPU source High resol. plane grating mono < 150 eV ARPES endstation

New SAXS-WAXS Bending Magnet Beam Line bend magnet between beamlines 4 and 5 focusing mirror (h & v) mono: multilayers & Si(111) SAXS detector in 5m flight path Sample environments: - furnace to ≈800 o C - multi-sample holder (≈12) up to 200 o C - stopped-flow cell - chamber for windowless SAXS - space for optics instrumentation - heated shear cell - grazing incidence-SAXS chamber WAXS detector Focused  ~ 1x10 12 h /s E = keV 0.1 x 0.1 mm 2 focus on detector SAXS: Q ≈ – 0.5 Å -1 WAXS: Q ≈ 0.5 – 6 Å -1 Proposal to DOE – late 2005 : Cost ~ $ 3.0 million slits: h & v

Nano-scale Dynamics – Combining Focusing with Time-resolution Conventional x-ray techniques: ensemble averages in space and time. intrinsic dynamics averages out Coherent x-rays (speckle): can measure fluctuations limited coherent flux Goal: Direct observation of dynamics/fluctuations on nanoscale  Science: dynamics and fluctuations in disordered systems, liquid crystals, supercooled liquids, phase transitions: glass transition, magnetic phase transitions….. excited state dynamics laser pump – x-ray probe nanocrystals, surfaces... Time-scales from 100 picoseconds to seconds. pump with high rep-rate laser using full synchrotron rep-rate. Alternative method: focus to spot size ~ correlation length employ time-resolved detectors Science proposal to DOE – late 2005

In planning – 2 BLs on superconducting in-vacuum undulator – depends on donor fund drive

In-Vaccum Superconducting Undulator Propose to use for 2 stations: Inelastic scattering and hard x-ray STXM microscope both 1.5 m length

E0E0 ΔE = E 0 - E’ E’ sample e-e- photon elastic peak E 0 [eV] Compton peak Raman scattering ΔE ~ eV Intensity [log scale] graphite  Inelastic X-ray Scattering Facility Science: Bulk characterization of low Z materials ambient conditions - systems with high vapor pressure, aqueous systems - carbonaceous systems (asphaltenes, coals) - Li-C batteries extreme conditions - different phases of H 2 O - methane hydrates, N 2, O 2, CO, CO 2, NO - hydrogen storage in nanotubes - superconductitivy (Li, oxygen)

SSRL will remain a central and important part of “Photon Science” at SLAC SPEAR3 offers exciting new scientific opportunities Their capture requires new state-of-the-art instrumentation / BLs Proposed facilities are matched to the external and in-house users Their funding and implementation will cover the timeframe > 2010 Future Challenges: Improved operation of SPEAR3 – beam time, beam quality, safety Funding to capture the identified opportunities – beam lines, instrumentation, staff Summary