UCB Packet Dynamics Jean Walrand U.C. Berkeley
UCB Outline Packet Delay Queuing Delay
UCB Packet Delay Packet Delay = TRANS + PROP + QD TRANS = Transmission Time = Number of bits/Rate = P/R PROP = Propagation Time = Distance/Speed = D/S Speed = 5 s/km in fiber 4 s/km in copper 3.3 s/km in space QD = Queuing Delay This delay depends on the load of the router and burstiness of the traffic.
UCB Packet Delay - continued Illustration
UCB Packet Delay - continued Examples: Link 1: Long Fiber Link 2: CopperLink 3: Wireless Length L (km)80410 Speed ( s/km) Transmission Rate 1Gbps1Mbps10kbps TRANS 1s1s 1ms100ms PROP 400 s16 s33 s
UCB Queuing Delay Isolated Packets: Time t X(t) = number of bits at time t X(t) P P/R R bps QD = 0
UCB Queuing Delay (continued) Packet Bursts: Time t X(t) = number of bits at time t X(t) P P/R R bps Average value of QD = ( )TRANS/3 = TRANS For an isolated burst of size N: = ( … + N - 1 )TRANS/N = (N – 1)TRANS/2 P P P/R QD2 QD3 QD = (N – 1)TRANS/2
UCB Queuing Delay (continued) Rule of thumb …. 80% utilization => QD 4TRANS Example: P = 1,000 bits; 80% utilization on each link QD 4[10ms + (n – 1)0.01ms + 10ms] 80ms PROP = 5 1500 s = 7.5ms TRANS = 10ms + (n – 1)0.01ms + 10ms 20ms => Delay 108ms