Insight Through Computing 18. Two-Dimensional Arrays Set-Up Rows and Columns Subscripting Operations Examples

Insight Through Computing 2-d array: matrix An array is a named collection of like data organized into rows and columns A 2-d array is a table, called a matrix Two indices identify the position of a value in a matrix, e.g., mat(r,c) refers to component in row r, column c of matrix mat Array index starts at 1 Rectangular: all rows have the same #of columns c r

Insight Through Computing Simple Set-Up Examples >> A = [1 2 3; 4 5 6] A =

Insight Through Computing Simple Set-Up Examples >> A = zeros(3,4) A =

Insight Through Computing Simple Set-Up Examples >> A = floor(100*rand(5,5)) A =

Insight Through Computing Simple Set-Up Examples >> A = [zeros(3,2) [1;2;3]] A =

Insight Through Computing Simple Set-Up Examples >> A = [zeros(3,2) ; [1 2] ] A =

Insight Through Computing Rows and Columns A: A is a 3-by-4 array: 3 rows 4 columns. row 1 row 2 row 3 col 4 col 3 col 2 col 1

Insight Through Computing Subscripting A: Individual entries: A(3,2)

Insight Through Computing Subscripting A: An Entire Row: A(2,:)

Insight Through Computing Scaling a Row A: A(2,:) = 10*A(2,:) A: BeforeAfter

Insight Through Computing Subscripting A: An Entire Column: A(:,3)

Insight Through Computing Incrementing the Values in a Column A: A(:,3) = A(:,3) A: Before After

Insight Through Computing Subscripting A: A General Subarray: A(2:3,3:4)

Insight Through Computing Zeroing a Subarray A: A(2:3,3:4) = zeros(2,2) A: BeforeAfter

Insight Through Computing Classical Double Loop Set-Up A: for i=1:3 for j=1:4 A(i,j) = 10*j + i; end

Insight Through Computing Set-Up By Row A: A = []; for i=1:3 v = [ ] + i; A = [A ; v] end

Insight Through Computing Set-Up By Column A: A = []; for j=1:4 v = 10*j + [1;2;3]; A = [A v] end

Insight Through Computing Question Time A = [ 1 2 3; 4 5 6]; C = A(:,2); What the value of A(2,2)? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6

Insight Through Computing Question Time A = [ 1 2 3; 4 5 6]; A = A(1:2,2:3) What the value of A(2,2)? A. 4 B. 5 C. 6

Insight Through Computing Largest Value A: m = max(A) ; M = max(m) m:M: 83

Insight Through Computing Functions and 2D Arrays function alpha = Ave(A) % A is a 2D array. % alpha is the average of its % values > ( )/6

Insight Through Computing Need Built-In Function size function alpha = Ave(A) [m,n] = size(A); Add up all the numbers in the array. Store in s. alpha = s/(m*n); size(A) returns #rows and # columns

Insight Through Computing Refine… function alpha = Ave(A) [m,n] = size(A); s = 0; for i=1:m sRow = the sum of the values in A(i,:) s = s + sRow end alpha = s/(m*n);

Insight Through Computing sRow = the sum of the values in A(i,:) sRow = 0; for j=1:n sRow = sRow + A(i,j); end

Insight Through Computing function alpha = Ave(A) [m,n] = size(A); s = 0; for i=1:m s = s + sRow end alpha = s/(m*n); sRow = 0; for j=1:n sRow = sRow + A(i,j); end

Insight Through Computing Now Some More Involved Examples

Insight Through Computing Random Web N web pages N-by-N Link Array A. A(i,j) is 1 if there is a link on webpage j to webpage i Generate a random link array and display the connectivity.

Insight Through Computing Random Link Idea A(i,,j) = 1 with probability More likely to be a link if i is close to j.

Insight Through Computing function A = RandomLinks(n) A = zeros(n,n); for i=1:n for j=1:n r = rand; if i~=j && r<= 1/(1 + abs(i-j)); A(i,j) = 1; end

Insight Through Computing N = 20

Insight Through Computing 100 Web pages. Now display the links….

Insight Through Computing Line black as it leaves page j, red when it arrives at page i.