Special Tutorial Programme Professor Deirdre J Murphy Trinity College
Overview Gynaecological Cancer
Objectives Epidemiology Gynaecological History Gynaecological examination Investigations Management
Patient 1 Age 70 years Lower genital tract itch Slight vaginal discharge
Vulval / Vaginal cancer
Clinical Age > 60 years No specific risk factors 95% squamous Pruritus / bleeding / discharge Ulcer / Mass / Inguinal nodes
Investigations Biopsy Staging – surgical / histological Pre-op work-up
Management Wide local excision Radical vulvectomy Bilat groin lymphadenectomy +/- radiotherapy Prognosis I >90% 5yrIII/IV 40%
Patient 2 Age 47 years Post-coital bleeding No smears
Cervical cancer
Clinical Age peak CIN / Partners / HPV / HIV / Smoker Squamous 90% / Adeno 10%
Clinical PCB / IMB / Discharge / PMB / None Ulcer / mass visible / palpable Late stage – organ symps / mass
Investigations Biopsy Staging – Clinical / Histological Pre-op work-up EUA / Cystoscopy / CT / IVP
Management Ia 1 MicroinvasionCone biopsy I – IIa Surgery / Radiotherapy AdvancedRadiotherapy Prognosis overall 65% 5 year
Patient 3 Age 65 years PMB Tamoxifen
Uterine / Endometrial cancer
Clinical Age >/= 60 years Risk factors: unopposed oestrogen – exogenous / obesity / PCOS / nullip / late menopause / tamoxifen Protective:COCP / HRT combined Adenocarcinoma 85%
Clinical PMB / Irreg menses / IMB Normal examination
Investigations TVS endometrial thickness Endometrial biopsy Staging – surgical / histological / nodes Pre-op work-up CT/MRI
Management Controversial TAH / BSO / Vag cuff / Nodes Radiotherapy [Progestagens] Prognosis Ia >90% 5 year All 65%
Patient 4 Age 70 years Bloating Clothes a bit tight
Ovarian cancer
Clinical Age peak yearsRare young Epithelial – serous / mucinous / clear Germ cell - dermoid Sex-cord stromal Secondary malig Early menarche / late menopause / nullip / ovul induction / familial 4%
Clinical Silent Abd distension/ Bloating / Dyspepsia Mass effects Mass / Ascites / Cachexia / Breasts
Investigations Ultrasound scan Ca 125 Pre-op work-up Laparotomy - Staging
Management Debulking surgery Chemotherapy – cisplatin / taxol Paracentesis Prognosis 25% 5 yearIII 15% IV 5% Palliative care
Course evaluation