The Cell & Mitosis Exercise 4
Anatomy of a Typical Animal Cell
The Plasma Membrane
Functions of membrane proteins
More functions of membrane proteins
Second messenger system: cyclic AMP
Cellular connections: tight junctions
Desmosomes
Gap Junctions
Diffusion: a passive process
Diffusion: Simple & Facilitated
Osmosis a.
Osmosis b.
Active Transport: The Na+/K+ Pump
Symport: Two solutes moving together Na+ & glucose move by secondary active transport
Vesicular transport: exocytosis
Phagocytosis: Cellular “eating”
Bulk-phase endocytosis or “pinocytosis” Also thought of as cellular drinking.
Receptor mediated endocytosis
The Na+/K+ Pump
Mitochondria: Powerhouses of the cell
Rough endoplasmic reticulum: cellular protein factories
Protein synthesis
Golgi apparatus: packaging & distribution
Vesicles
Summary of the pathways of products of the cell
The Cytoskeleton
Movement within the cell a.
Movement within the cell b.
Centrioles
Structure of a Cilium
Cilia move things by a wave-like action …
… things like mucus!
Nucleus: control center of the eukaryotic cell
Careful packaging of Chromosomes
Mitosis and the associated phases
Semiconservative replication of DNA
Interphase
Prophase
Late prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase: defined by the presence of a cleavage furrow & Cytokinesis
Chemical signals controlling cell division: the cell cycle
Cell cycle continued
Protein synthesis: transcription
Translation
Codons: the 3 letter language of amino acids
Ribosomal RNA: the workshop of protein building
Summary of the steps of protein synthesis
Protein degradation: the end of the line
END