Cyanobacteria(only chl a) Eg. Oscillatoria, Synecococcus Phycobilins (green color), in phycobilisomes, chlorophyll a phycoerythrin-red, phycocyanin-blue reaction center - thyllakoids (lamellar membranes) carboxysomes- Rubisco- CO 2 fixation heterocysts Significance - primary production, nuisance blooms Prochlorophytes (chl a and b) NO phycobilins

Bacteria Cyanobacteria- oxygenic phototrophs

GRAM positive Bacteria Non-sporulating low GC, eg. Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, "Epulopiscium" Endospore forming low GC, eg. Bacillus, Clostridium acetobutylicum Cell wall-less low GC (Mycoplasma), compare Thermoplasma High GC (Coryneform and Propionic), swiss cheese High GC (Mycobacterium), Unique lipids= mycolic acids, TB, leprosy Filamentous, High GC, -Actinomycetes; Streptomyces and antibiotics

Chlamydia intracellular parasites of humans (get ATP from host) like Planctomycetes, they lack peptidoglycan in cell walls psittacosis

Planctomycetes Nature Volume 400 Number 6743 p , Missing lithotroph identified as new planctomycete The new planctomycete grows extremely slowly, dividing only once every two weeks. The identification of this bacterium as the one responsible for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia makes an important contribution to the problem of unculturability. budding, most are heterotrophs odd cell divsion, stalked Isosphaera pallidum, hot spring isolate

Bacteroides and flavobacteria rumen, gram - anaerobe, grow heterotrophically, best with bile acids

Green sulfur bacteria eg. Chlorobium often appear brown because of carotenoids anoxygenic photosynthesis, efficient energetically, NADPH reduced directly sulfur on the outside more tolerant of high H 2 S very small cells Has chlorosome

Spirochetes Slender motile cells move like corkscrew axial element, flagella in periplasmic space, 2 sets of 'fibrils' freeliving and interesting symbiosis (eg termite guts) J. R. Leadbetter, T. M. Schmidt, J. R. Graber, and J. A. Breznak Acetogenesis from H 2 Plus CO 2 by Spirochetes from Termite Guts. Science 283: Borellia (lymes disease). Genome. Complete Genome Sequence of Treponema pallidum, the Syphilis Spirochete. Science 1998 July 17; 281:

Deinococcus/Thermus THERMUS Taq polymerase, heterotrophs, aerobes often pigmented

DEINOCOCCUS radiation resistant and desiccation resistance > 100rad radiation Gy (humans killed by < 5Gy) very effective DNA repair mechanism

Green non-sulfur Bacteria Chloroflexus Photoheterotroph, anaerobe photoautotroph, anaerobe (sulfide and H2 are e-donors) Reaction center similar to purple S chemoheterotroph and aerobe in the dark! Used an unusual pathway to fix CO2 (hydroxyproprionate pathway) also has chlorosome

Ward et al., MMBR, 62:1353

Other thermophiles Thermotoga toga, heterotrophic thermophile Thermodesulfurobacterium –ether-linked lipids like Archaea (Ammonifex, Gram + has this too) Desulfurobacterium –S-reducing chemolithotroph recently descibed lineage from deep-sea vents

Aquifex-Hydrogenobacter et al. most are chemolithotrophs, "knall gas" reaction thermophiles small genome