Senior Capstone Project: Fast Tuning Synthesizer Member: Nathan Roth Advisors: Dr. Huggins Dr. Shastry Mr. James Jensen Date:May 4, 2004

Presentation Outline Background Information Project Summary Functional Description Detailed Description Major Tasks Problems Encountered Improvements

Background Information Definition of a frequency synthesizer Uses –Communication –Electronic Warfare

Project Summary Creation of a frequency synthesizer –Use of direct synthesis approach

Project Summary System Characteristics –Output Frequencies of 3650, 3700, 3850, 3900, 4450, 4500, 4650, and 4700 MHz –Output Power of 0 dBm, ± 3 dB –Output Spurs < -45 dBc –Tuning Time < 500 ns, 200 ns if possible –Use of an External 100 MHz Reference Signal

Functional Description Fast Tuning Frequency Synthesizer 3.6 – 4.6 GHz 100 MHz Reference D2 D1 D0 Digital Input Command Desired Output Frequency

Detailed Description

Amplifier Multiplier –Increases Frequency (Multiplication) Mixer –Sum of Input Frequencies –Difference of Input Frequencies

Detailed Description Switch Filter Prescaler –Decreases Frequency (Division) Digital Logic (GAL)

Detailed Description 100 MHz

Detailed Description 200 MHz

Detailed Description

= 1600 MHz 1400 – 200 = 1200 MHz 200 MHz 1400 MHz

Detailed Description 1200 MHz 1600 MHz 1200 MHz

Detailed Description 1200 MHz 300 MHz

Detailed Description 1700 MHz 1100 MHz 300 MHz 1400 MHz

Detailed Description 1700 MHz 1100 MHz

Detailed Description 1100 MHz 275 MHz

Detailed Description 275 MHz 1125 MHz

Detailed Description 1125 MHz 4500 MHz

Major Tasks Filter Design and Fabrication Component Selection and Ordering Printed Circuit Board Design and Fabrication PCB Stuffing Modular Testing

Filter Design and Fabrication Designed and Simulated Ideal Chebyshev Filters –Used Insertion Loss Method –Developed Low-Pass Filter Prototype –Transformed to Band-Pass Filter Added Parasitic Effects –Real Component Values –Real Inductor Responses –Microstrip Transmission Effects –Via Connections

Filter Design and Fabrication

Dark Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Aqua Blue = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

Filter Design and Fabrication Dark Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Aqua Blue = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

PCB Design and Fabrication Created PCB Layouts for Filter Boards Fabricated, Populated, and Tested Filter Boards Developed Modular Layout Plan

PCB Design and Fabrication

Modular Testing

-10 dBm -50 dBm

Modular Testing LO Input = 1400 MHz IF Input = 200 MHz

Modular Testing Input = 1200 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1200 MHz

Modular Testing

312 ns ‘off’ 148 ns ‘on’

Problems Encountered Non-Ideal Components Fabrication Grounding Issues ‘Potato Chipping’

Possible Improvements Implement a Phase-Lock Loop Use Distributed Elements MMIC Design

Appreciation Matt Kaiser Kiran Reddy Dave Miller Bala Sundaram Neeta Mehta Zaheer Shaik Krishna Katragadda

Fast Tuning Synthesizer Any questions?

Power Analysis Specifications Amplifier (3) –5 Volt –46 mA Mixer (3) –3 Volt –11 mA Prescaler (2) –3 Volt –8 mA Specified Power –837 mW Recorded Power –930 mW

Bill of Materials

Input Module

Resolution Modules

Basis Frequency Modules

Switch Selection Module

Output Module

Laboratory Work - Review

Laboratory Work Dark Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Aqua Blue = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

Laboratory Work Aqua Blue = Ideal Dark Blue = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Purple = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

Laboratory Work Aqua Blue = Ideal Red = S21 Simulated Dark Blue = S11 Simulated Purple = S21 Actual Blue/Purple = S11 Actual

Laboratory Work Light Blue = Ideal Red = S21 Simulated Aqua Blue = S11 Simulated Dark Blue = S21 Actual Purple = S11 Actual

Laboratory Work Aqua Blue = Ideal Purple = S21 Simulated Red = S11 Simulated Dark Blue = S21 Actual Light Blue = S11 Actual

Modular Testing Resolution Module 1 – 1200 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 1 – 1400 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 2 – 1200 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 2 – 1400 MHz

Modular Testing Resolution Module 3 – 1400 MHz

Modular Testing