Nuclear Science What is in a nucleus? Why do nuclei decay? Where does radiation come from?

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

IV. Isotopes 2 or more atoms of the same element having the same number of protons BUT different numbers of neutrons.

Advertisements

Atomic Structure Section The Nucleus Nucleus- contains most of the mass of an atom – Protons & Neutrons contains most of an atom’s mass – Electrons-

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Objectives: 9.0 Distinguish between chemical and nuclear reactions. 9.3 Identifying types of radiation and their.

LOJ Feb 2004 Radioactivity 1 What is radioactive decay?

Atomic Structure Nucleus – contains protons and neutrons

Atomic Mass & Number Isotopes The Periodic Table.

Half Lifes. Atoms Proton Electron Cloud Neutron Atomic Number Number of protons – change this → change the element Hydrogen has one proton and one electron.

4.2 The Structure of an Atom. Atom is the smallest particle of an element. Atoms cannot be divided into anything smaller.

Three fundamental particles in an atom Proton Electron Neutron.

Nuclear Chemistry By Robert Jakubek and Michael Maki.

Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay. Radioactive Decay: Some unstable atoms try to regain stability by losing energy. They lose energy by emitting radiation.

THE STRUCTURE OF ATOMS Pg. 43. Daily science- pg. 40  Who discovered the neutron? Electron? Nucleus?  What did Democritus theorize?  Name two differences.

Building Blocks 1c Int

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY QUIZ.

The three SUBATOMIC PARTICLES are

Nuclear Decay Notes Stability Curve Atomic number Z Neutron number N Stable nuclei Z = N Nuclear particles are held.

Nuclear Radiation.

Structure of the Atom CHEM. Basic Parts of the Atom nucleus –the positively charged center of the atom nucleus –the positively charged center of the atom.

Radioactivity and Nuclear Energy Chapter 19 neFFc&feature=related.

Chapter 3 Atomic Structure. The Structure Of the Atom Particle masschargelocation Proton1 AMU +1in nucleus Neutron 1 AMU 0in nucleus Electron 0 AMU -1.

 Atomic Number  Protons + Neutrons = Atomic Mass.

Atomic Mass. Atomic Number (A) Number of protons in the nucleus Atoms of the same element all have the same number of protons In a neutral atom, the total.

1. Proton 2. Neutron 3. Electron 1. Protons 2. Neutrons 3. Electrons.

Matter & Atoms Unit 2. Matter Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space. Matter is made up of MUCH smaller particles known as atoms. 1)

11/27/2015 PhSci Ch 4 17 Questions 1 4B = Section 2 The Structure of Atoms p (Question will be on 4B quiz, too.) Physical Science Curriculum.

The Structure of an Atom Chapter 4.2. Warm-up: KWL Chart - ATOMS What I Know About Atoms What I Would Like to Learn About Atoms What I Have Learned About.

Review of Atomic Theory History. Structure of an Atom A carbon atom consists of protons and neutrons in a nucleus that is surrounded by electrons. - Introduction.

PROTON Proton: the positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.

Nuclear Radiation 9.2. The Nucleus Protons and neutrons Charge of electrons and protons – x C = e –Proton +e –Electron -e.

Nuclear Radiation Half-Life. What is Radiation? Penetrating rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source Result of a nuclear reaction! –Involves.

Radioactive Decay.

Atomic #  # of protons in an atom  Never changes for a given element  Therefore, used to always identify the element.

Atomic Theory, Isotopes, and Radioactive Decay PowerPoint 7.1.

Radioactive Material Review. What determines the atoms identity?

Journal #20 1. Who discovered the electron? 2. What did Rutherford discover?

Structure of an Atom. The Three subatomic particles of an atom: Proton Neutron Electron.

Atoms and Isotopes What are atoms, isotopes, and radioactive decay?

PS-2.2 Illustrate the fact that the atoms of elements exist as stable or unstable isotopes.

Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations

What part of an atom is the arrow pointing to? A. proton B. electron C. neutron D. shell E. nucleus.

P2 7.1 Nuclear reactions Some atoms have an unstable nucleus and need to get to a lower energy state. It can become stable by emitting Alpha, Beta or.

Unit 3: The Atom. Atoms All matter is made of very tiny particles All matter is made of very tiny particles These particles have the same properties as.

Notes on Isotopes Remember Protons are (+) and Electrons are (-). Neutrons were the last subatomic particles to be discovered because they have no electrical.

Atomic Mass. Each element found on the periodic table of elements is given an atomic mass The atomic mass tells you the average mass of the atoms of an.

Parts of the Atom: Properties  Protons: –Positive charge –Located in nucleus –Mass = 1 amu (Atomic Mass Unit)  Neutrons –No charge (neutral) –Inside.

Atoms. Structure of Atoms  Atoms are made up of subatomic particles:

Notes on Isotopes Remember Protons are (+) and Electrons are (-). Neutrons were the last subatomic particles to be discovered because they have no electrical.

NUCLEAR CHANGES What is Radioactivity?. What happens when an element undergoes radioactive decay? During radioactive decay an unstable nuclei of an isotope.

Nuclear Decay. Radioactivity The emission of high-energy radiation or particles from the nucleus of a radioactive atom.

Chapter 14 Section 14.1.

Lecture 7 The Atom and Elements Subatomic Particles Isotopes Radioactivity.

Integrated Science Mr. Danckers Chapter 10.

Atomic notation X A Z X = Symbol (C, Au) A = Atomic Mass Number = #nucleons (Protons + Neutrons) Z = Atomic Number = #protons C 12 6 Carbon A = 12, Z =

Isotopes Chapter 4, Section 3 Pg Review of Atoms Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons. – Protons are +, electrons are –, and.

{ Atom and Isotope Review Physical Science. An atom has 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the atomic mass?

The Stability of Nuclides. For elements with a small atomic number we find that they tend to be stable when Z≈N :for example Z N.

6th Grade Life Science Miss Sauer

Atomic Particles Particle Charge Mass # Location Electron -1

Introduction to Atoms Exploring Inner Space.

Chemistry-Part 1 Inside the Atom

Nuclear Chemistry.

Isotopes QUICK NOTES Carbon-14

Title: Atomic Properties

The Structure of an Atom

ELEMENTS & ATOMS.

Unit 4 Nuclear Chemistry.

Example Example 1: The atom of an element has a mass number of 214 and an atomic number of 82. a) How many protons and neutrons does it have? The number.

Presentation transcript:

Nuclear Science What is in a nucleus? Why do nuclei decay? Where does radiation come from?

Inside Atoms An atom is ~10 nm in diameter (1x m) The electrons are the particles in the atom that “fill” most of this space At the center of the atom is a nucleus, which is typically about 5 femtometers across (5x m)

Inside Nuclei Neutrons and protons form the nucleus of the atom Neutrons and protons form the nucleus of the atom Neutrons and protons have masses that are 5000 times that of the electron, so their mass makes up most of the mass of an atom Neutrons and protons have masses that are 5000 times that of the electron, so their mass makes up most of the mass of an atom

More about nuclei Neutrons and protons are called nucleons Neutrons and protons are called nucleons Protons have a positive charge (same size, but opposite sign as electron) Protons have a positive charge (same size, but opposite sign as electron) Neutrons are have no net charge Neutrons are have no net charge

More about atoms Chemical properties of atoms are determined by the number of electrons and protons in a neutral atom, so the number of protons in the nucleus determines chemical properties of an element. The number of neutrons does not affect most of the chemical properties of an element. Example: The element Carbon has 6 electrons and 6 protons

Elements and isotopes Different nuclei (isotopes) of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons. Carbon-11 Z=6 (protons) N=5 (neutrons) Carbon-12 Z=6 (protons) N=6 (neutrons) Carbon-13 Z=6 (protons) N=7 (neutrons) Carbon-14 Z=6 (protons) N=8 (neutrons)

Chart of Elements OR Chart of Nuclides Element - Carbon Carbon isotopes Z N

Z N What does the chart tell us? Z N There are LOTS of nuclides There are LOTS of nuclides There are many isotopes of most elements There are many isotopes of most elements Blue nuclides are “stable” Blue nuclides are “stable” Nuclides with N≥Z are more stable than nuclides Nuclides with N≥Z are more stable than nuclides

What happens to “unstable” nuclei

Is that all? Nuclei can also emit nucleons (neutrons and protons) Nuclei can also emit nucleons (neutrons and protons) Nuclei can break into chunks (fission) Nuclei can break into chunks (fission)