P. Brekke 1 Brugge 16 November Norwegian Space Weather Assets Pål Brekke Norwegian Space Centre

P. Brekke 2 Brugge 16 November NORWEGIAN CHALLENGES - GEOGRAPHY AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY Large territory Long distances Small population Arctic iclands Large economic zone Fishery, oil and gas Big shipping nation Effected by Space Weather

P. Brekke 3 Brugge 16 November Infrastructure ”under” Space Weather phenomena

P. Brekke 4 Brugge 16 November Andøya Rocket Range (ARR)

P. Brekke 5 Brugge 16 November SvalRak - Svalbard Foto: Martin Langteigen

P. Brekke 6 Brugge 16 November ALOMAR

P. Brekke 7 Brugge 16 November EISCAT

P. Brekke 8 Brugge 16 November ESR Plasma clouds can affect GPS signals GPS EISCAT

P. Brekke 9 Brugge 16 November Space Debris observed from EISCAT Space debris passin the through the ESR radar beam each hour in 2007, compared with the corresponding rates one year ago. The debris cloud, formed by the destruction of the Chinese weather satellite, is clearly seen passing through the radar beam twice each day. Analysis of the data indicates that this new debris cloud is in a slowly precessing, sun-synchronous polar orbit, as often selected for weather satellites.

P. Brekke 10 Brugge 16 November Magnetometer Chain - All sky cameras

P. Brekke 11 Brugge 16 November All sky cameras GPS-map from Foster et al. 2005

P. Brekke 12 Brugge 16 November Oil Drilling Companies - using magnetometer data

P. Brekke 13 Brugge 16 November Kjell Henriksen Observatory - Svalbard

P. Brekke 14 Brugge 16 November Rent a ”A rom with a view” New Aurora observatory at Svalbard

P. Brekke 15 Brugge 16 November The Norwegian Mapping Authority Permanent Geodetic Stations on Norwegian Mainland and Svalbard The Norwegian Mapping Authority (NMA) has developed an ionospheric model based on the GNSS network. High ionospheric activity causes problems for calculating GPS- corrections in SATREF® –SATREF® is a correction service they provide to the users –Will be useful at high latitudes NMA receive space weather warnings from USA, which is forwarded to the users in the field for planning purposes. The goal is to have more regional information and to study local variation. Plan to extend the number of reference stations

P. Brekke 16 Brugge 16 November Ionosondes – Svalbard and Tromsø

P. Brekke 17 Brugge 16 November Limited EGNOS correction at high latitudes EGNOS provides corrections, but limited coverage far north. Two new EGNOS stations installed this year (Svalbard and Jan Mayen) Another challenge: How will tracking of EGNOS signals via geostationary satellites work in the high north? These satellites are extremely low in the horizon and it is a challenge to decode data from them

P. Brekke 18 Brugge 16 November Thank you for the attention

P. Brekke 19 Brugge 16 November SPEAR: a high power transmitter, installed to modify locally the polar ionosphere. SOUSY radar: radar studying waves and turbulence in the middle atmosphere. Svalbard Science Park: Svalbard Science Park, located in Longyearbyen, is the home of the University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS). The Space-Geodetic Observatory at Ny-Ålesund: VLBI and GPS antennas Some other installations

P. Brekke 20 Brugge 16 November Norways Role in an ESA SW program Norway has a lot of relevant infrastructure in the polar region Navigation/radiocommunication is an area where Norway has an interest - and also a responsibility. In particular for the expected increased activity in these areas. Several government authorities are very interested in SW (e.g. The Mapping Authority, Norwegian Costal Admin.). Svalbard could be part of an operative SW system. Infrastructure is already there. E.g. A data relay hub or a satellite hub for the main ESA operation centre. Norways position is to have an active role in practical SW activities.

P. Brekke 21 Brugge 16 November IPY - ICESTAR

P. Brekke 22 Brugge 16 November Space Weather application!

P. Brekke 23 Brugge 16 November Kongsberg Satellite Services World Leading Commercial Satellite Centre –More than 150 contacts daily (80 Svalbard - 70 Tromsø/Grimstad) –LANDSAT-7, QuickScat, Terra, SAC-C, ERS-2, Acrimsat, Champ, Grace, EO-1, Kompsat, Cobe, Aqua, Quicktoms

P. Brekke 24 Brugge 16 November Norways possible role in ESAs SSA program Norway will be especially interested in the rapid ionospheric changes affecting navigation accuracy over the large ocean areas in the Norwegian Sea and the Barents Sea, as Norway has responsibility for issuing navigation accuracy warnings to seafarers in these areas. Dynamic positioning of oil drilling ships/platforms, directional drilling, radiocommunication, and helicopter operations in the polar night have especially strong needs for space weather information. May establish a SW Field Centre at Svalbard. Coordinate and integrate observations and coordinate operation of several ground based sensors. Feed data to ESAs SW Centres Feed selected data or warnings/forecasts to national users Provide access for new instrumentation (Radiotelescopes?) Location at UNIS or the new KH Observatory