AA&A spring 20021. 2 "Portrait of the Artist as a Landscape" W.S. Taft, 1997.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 22 – Nuclear Chemistry
Advertisements

What is Radioactivity? Pupils will learn how the activity of radioactive materials is measured.
CHAPTER 21 NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. I. Ordinary Chemical Reactions A. Bond breaking, bond forming, only outer electrons of the atoms are disturbed. B. Nuclei.
Nuclear Chemistry Bravo – 15,000 kilotons. CA Standards.
CMH 121 Luca Preziati Chapter 9: Nuclear Chemistry.
AA&A spring NAA—Suggested applications coal, metals, sediments, ores, tissues, bone, synthetic fibers, alloys, bullets, crystals, gems, glass, hair,
Learning Targets I can name the force that holds the atom’s nucleus together I can describe the two reasons why some isotopes are radioactive. I can describe.
Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay. Radioactive Decay: Some unstable atoms try to regain stability by losing energy. They lose energy by emitting radiation.
© JP 1  alpha e-e-  beta  gamma Marie Curie Antoine-Henri Becquerel (1852 – 1908) α,  and  RADIATION.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY. Discovery of Radiation Roentgen (1895) Discovered a mysterious form of radiation was given off even without electron beam. This radiation.
1. Nucleons. Protons and neutrons 2. Nuclide
Honors Forensic Science.  Introduction  Organic substances constitute a substantial portion of physical evidence submitted to crime labs  Carbon does.
6- PRENTICE HALL ©2007 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ CRIMINALISTICS An Introduction to Forensic Science, 9/E By Richard Saferstein.
Chapter 25 Review Solutions. Which of the following particles cannot be stopped by metal foil? a. Alphab. Betac. Gamma.
Breazeale Nuclear Reactor Penn State Radiation Science and Engineering Center.
Detecting Radiation in our Radioactive World. Nuclear Technology in our Lives Eaten Eggs? Driven over a Metal Bridge? Attached a Postage Stamp? Use Contact.
THE NUCLEUS: A CHEMIST’S VIEW. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )
4.4 Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Radioactive decay In the late 1890s, scientists noticed some substances spontaneously emitted radiation, a.
Nuclear Chemistry Types of Radiation Decay Equations.
Nuclear Chemistry “Bravo” Test 1954 – 15,000 kilotons.
Chapter 32 Radiochemical Methods. Introduction… Radiochemical methods tend to be labor intensive and generate liquid waste due to the chemical separations.
Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )
Radioactivity and radioisotopes The nature of radiation Distinguishing Radiation Background Radiation.
Nuclear Physics Mr. Jean
1 Alpha Decay  Because the binding energy of the alpha particle is so large (28.3 MeV), it is often energetically favorable for a heavy nucleus to emit.
Pg  Explain the concept of an isotope  Understand how elements can be made radioactive.
Chapter 15 Nuclear Radiation
Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear Reactions. Reactions Chemical Reactions- atoms want stable electron configuration Nuclear Reaction- unstable isotopes (radioisotope)
RADIATION *Penetrating rays emitted by a radioactive source *Ranges from Cosmic and Gamma Rays to Radio Waves.
Nuclear Chemistry The Guide to types of Radioactive Decay and their Properties.
Chapter 5 Notes.  The atomic mass of an element is a weighted average mass of the atoms found in nature.  If you were to mass an oxygen atom, would.
CHAPTER 3.4 & 24.1 Nuclear Chemistry RadioactivityRadioactivity.
Nuclear Decay.
Radioactive Decay.
Nuclear Physics.
Nuclear Chemistry. RadioactivityRadioactivity  The spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus accompanied by a release of energy.
Discrete Energy and Radioactivity Unit 7.1. Disclaimer: “We return to this for HL students in Topic 12, but for now it is maybe better to accept that.
Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations
Physics 12 Mr. Jean January 17 th, The plan: Video clip of the day Finish Clash of the Titans Nuclear Physics.
P2 7.1 Nuclear reactions Some atoms have an unstable nucleus and need to get to a lower energy state. It can become stable by emitting Alpha, Beta or.
Nuclear Reactions. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number (p + + n o ) Atomic number (number of p + )
What is radioactivity? lecture 9.1 Gamma ray bursts from a star collapsing into a Black Hole.
Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity The process by which materials give off such rays radioactivity; the rays and particles emitted by a radioactive source.
Nuclear Power By Riddhi Lodhia And Rea – Grace Maamari 10th.
Energy Unit Learning Goal 4: Examine how changes in the nucleus of an atom result in emissions of radioactivity.

Physics 12 Mr. Jean January 17 th, The plan: Video clip of the day Work on questions from CH 18 & 19 Nuclear Physics.
Integrated Science Mr. Danckers Chapter 10.
 Nuclear Chemistry. Nuclear Vs. Chemical Reactions  Nuclear reactions involve a change in an atom’s nucleus, usually producing a different element.
Nuclear Stability and Decay 1500 different nuclei are known. Only 264 are stable and do not decay. The stability of a nucleus depends on its neutron-to-
Nuclear Chemistry. Radioactivity  Nuclear Reactions – reactions in which the nuclei of unstable isotopes (radioisotopes) gain stability by undergoing.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Chapter 20. Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity is the emission of subatomic particles or high- energy electromagnetic radiation by the.
A radioactive isotope is an atom that has a nucleus that is not stable (will change to form a nucleus of a different element). The process by which the.
CP6 – RADIOACTIVITY (p ) Nuclear Equations e.g Each line of numbers has to balance on both sides of the equation. For example 238 
g a b α,  and  RADIATION gamma alpha beta e- Marie Curie
Chapter 6 INORGANIC ANALYSIS
Energy Unit Radioactivity.
V. Radioactivity.
CHAPTER 24 Nuclear Energy
II. Nuclear (Radioactive) Decay
Nuclear Chemistry.
g a b α,  and  RADIATION gamma alpha beta e- Marie Curie
CHAPTeR 18 Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry.
Nuclear Chemistry.
CHAPTER 22 Nuclear Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry II. Radioactive Decay.
Radioactive Decay.
Unit 4 – Nuclear Reactions
Nuclear Chemistry Radioactive Decay.
Presentation transcript:

AA&A spring 20021

2 "Portrait of the Artist as a Landscape" W.S. Taft, 1997

AA&A spring X-rays X-ray source guts spine film Radiography Excitation beam: X-rays, electrons, ions, protons X-ray energy analyzer sample X-rays Spectroscopies—XRF and PIXE

AA&A spring What else can we probe with? Recall NAA: irradiate sample with neutrons Converts some nuclides into radioactive elements –Gamma rays—analysis of spectra gives nuclide, hence elemental composition—NAA Normally small samples place in reactor core Also possible—irradiation of full painting (if small) in beam outside reactor Analogous to X-ray emission spectroscopies –Irradiating beam leaves sample in excited state –Returns to quiescent state by characteristic radiation

AA&A spring Same information from both? Yes and no— –Both give us elemental analysis of materials of the painting –NAA —Sensitivity depends on accidents of the nuclear physics –X-ray emission good sensitivity but varies smoothly with atomic number: not useful for lightest elements

AA&A spring Neutron radiography???? Try same setup as for X-rays—— neutron source painting film For some problems, yes O-ring example from Ward tour For paintings, NO too little absorption by thin paint layer

AA&A spring What about those beta rays? Neutron induced typically gives both gamma and beta activity Betas (electrons) will expose photographic film Let’s try “autoradiography”

AA&A spring Autoradiography painting film neutron source Nuclides activated by neutrons Film exposed by electrons Two step process How to know what you’re seeing?? count gammas at the same time some information about source of beta activity neutron electron gamma

AA&A spring Preferential nuclide selection activity irradiation time short 1/2-life long 1/2-life short long activity delay time short long short 1/2-life long 1/2-life

AA&A spring RadiationPhysicsElement analysisRadiography X-rays atomicXRF, PIXEX-radiography NeutronsnuclearNAAautoradiography Four techniques

AA&A spring

Feedback: Privacy Policy Feedback
Do Not Sell My Personal Information
About project: SlidePlayer Terms of Service

© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc. All rights reserved.