Confidential Quantrain x50 Module 10 Sample Preparation place photo here

2 2 Sample Prep Basics Specimen characteristics -volatile materials - heat sensitivity - electron beam sensitivity -electrical charging

3 3 Some general preparation rules for optimum imaging 1. Place powders or small particles directly onto a carbon coated stub or use a conductive adhesive. Move sample away from lower lens during pump down 2. Metal or carbon coat filters before use. 3. Use (conductive) silicon wafers instead of glass if a smooth surface is needed 4. Use a conductive tape to hold down samples. 5. Lightly coat (about 2 nm) the sample (with a metal) :

4 4 Special Importance of Mounting Media for Non-conductive Specimens Aluminium Carbon Copper Mounting adhesives Double-sided tape Metallic tapes Wax or oil based mounting media

5 5 Volatile Materials Some samples become volatile under the electron beam

6 6 Heat Sensitivity The electron beam can generate heat to ‘burn’ or melt a sample

7 7 Electrical Charging Internal charge builds charge cloud

8 8 Metal Coating Coating creates an electrical path to ground -

9 9 Metal Coating Plasma Target molecules -

10 Metal Coating Plasma Coating Thickness Note thin film -

11 Sample Prep Basics Secure the sample - carbon paint (isopropyl based) Determine if coating is possible/necessary - conductivity is the key - low voltage may be a solution - ESEM is the solution

12 Mounting Media Aluminium stub

13 Mounting Media Aluminium or carbon stub

14 Mounting Media Aluminium or carbon stub Copper cup

15 Mounting Media Aluminium or carbon stub Copper cup Analytical mounts

16 Mounting Media Aluminium or Carbon stub Copper cup Analytical mounts(cont..)

17 What to Avoid !!! Carbon and double sided tape is not stable (for hi- res..) Constantly expanding, absorbing, swelling, etc Contamination of sample and chamber - finger prints - oily sputter system - has sample been in a dirty SEM? - Sitting around absorbing gas Silver paint (blows up leaving silver particles everywhere)

18 Mounting Methods Adhesives

19 Mounting Methods Adhesives Double sided tape

20 Mounting Methods Adhesives Double sided tape Metallic tapes

21 Mounting Methods Adhesives Double sided tape Metallic tapes Wax or oil based to be avoided

22 Other Mounting Adhesives Gold paint Silver paint Carbon paint Colloidal carbon Carbon tabs Microstik

23 Basic Preparation Techniques Fractures Metals

24 Basic Preparation Techniques Fractures Metals Non-metals

25 Basic Preparation Techniques Fractures Metals Non-metals Sections Hard samples- cross sections

26 Integrated Circuit Cross Section Chemical etching

27 Preparation Techniques Fractures metals non-metals Sections hard samples- cross sections(cont..)

28 Preparation Techniques Fractures metals non-metals Sections hard samples- cross sections Soft samples- cross/thin sections

29 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet

30 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution

31 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution(cont.)

32 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution Pipette

33 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution Pipette Atomize

34 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution Pipette Atomize Sandwich

35 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution Pipette Atomize Sandwich Dry dispersions

36 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution Pipette Atomize Sandwich Dry dispersions Adhesives

37 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Dispersions Wet Dilution Pipette Atomize Sandwich Dry dispersions Adhesives Filters

38 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Live material Insects Plants

39 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Live Material Insects Plants Drying Fixation Air-drying

40 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Live Material Insects Plants Drying Fixation Air-drying Freeze drying

41 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Live Material Insects Plants Drying Fixation Air-drying Freeze drying Critical Point Drying

42 Critical Values of CPD Fluids FLUIDFORMULACRITICAL TEMP. (°C)CRITICAL PRESSURE (Atm) waterH 2 O carbon dioxideCO nitrous oxideN 2 O freonCClF

43 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Replicas Celleous acetate sheet

44 Preparation Techniques (Cont.) Replicas Celleous acetate sheet Silicone rubber (Silico-set)

45 End of Quantrain 10 sample prep.ppt

Confidential Title slide sub-title

47 Confidential Sample Page Header Subhead: if used, should be sized to 24 Body copy goes here. Ut enim ad minim, quis nostrud exercit ulla ullamco. Duisete aute irure dolor in reprehenderit Bullet style: officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Bullet style: Sed ut perspiciatis de laborum veleta dolorum harum. Bullet style: words in signature red for emphasis Sub-bullet style: Unde omnis iste natus Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia aut fugitNam libero tempore, cumin soluta nobis est placeat facere possimus, omnis voluptas ass dolor repellendus. Bullet style: Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat.

48 Confidential Sample App Photo Page Subhead: if used, should be sized to 24 Caption goes here

49 Confidential Sample App Photo Page Dark background to be used if images are light Caption goes here

50 Confidential Sample Product Page Subhead: if used, should be sized to 24 Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit animid est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis Unde omnis iste natus Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sis aspernatur aut fugit

51 Confidential Color Guidelines Accent Colors Supporting TonesSignature Colors RGB 238, 88, 7 RGB 176, 26, 36 RGB 208, 208, 208 RGB 161, 161, 161 RGB 113, 113, 113 RGB 130, 160, 99 RGB 102, 125, 136 RGB 171, 151, 33 RGB 149, 130, 115