The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power Chapter 10 The Rise of Kingdoms and the Growth of Church Power

The Emergence & Growth of European Kingdoms, 1000 – 1300 Kings England in the High Middle Ages William of Normandy (1066 – 1087) Battle of Hastings (1066) Fusion of Normans and Anglo-Saxons Involvement in France

Kings of Medieval England Henry II (1154 – 1189) Plantagenet Dynasty Royal Courts Common Law The Church Thomas Becket (Archbishop of Canterbury) King John (1199 – 1216) Magna Carta Edward I (1272 – 1307) Parliament

The Growth of the French Kingdom Hugh Capet and the Capetian Dynasty Little Real Power Île de France Philip II Augustus (1180 – 1223) War against the English French Bureaucracy

England and France in the High Middle Ages ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Medieval French Kings Louis IX (1226 – 1270) “Saint Louis” Justice Participates in Crusades Philip IV the Fair (1285 – 1314) Royal Administration Council for Advice Chamber of Accounts (Finances) Parlement (Royal Court Estates-General (Parliament)

Stained Glass Window of the Sainte Chapelle Built by Louis IX – Paris

Christian Reconquest: The Spanish Kingdoms Cordova Offensive by Christian Kingdoms begun in eleventh century Castile Navarre Aragón Portugal Alfonso X (1252 – 1284)

Christian Reconquests in the Western Mediterranean ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

The Lands of the Holy Roman Empire: Germany and Italy Otto I (936 – 973) Crowned Emperor of the Romans (962) Henry IV (1056 – 1106) Frederick I Barbarossa (1152 – 1190) Attempts to Conquer Northern Italy Pope and Italian cities oppose him Battle of Legnano (1176) Frederick II (1212 – 1250) King of Sicily, Germany and Holy Roman Emperor Preoccupied with Italy Germany left in confusion and chaos Rudolf of Hapsburg (1273) Emergence of Italian City-States

The Holy Roman Empire in the Twelfth Century ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

The New Kingdoms in Eastern Europe Hungary Poland Germans and Slavs Teutonic Knights

Teutonic Knight Castle at Marienburg

Grand Masters of the Teutonic Knights - Marienburg

Medieval Mongols & Russians The Mongol Empire Temuchin – Genghis Khan (c. 1162 – 1227) Khubilai Khan Advances against the Muslim world Advances against Europe The Development of Russia Kiev – Rus The Church Mongol Invasion Alexander Nevsky (c. 1220 – 1263) Moscow

Northern and Eastern Europe ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under

The Recovery and Reform of the Catholic Church The Problems of Decline Worldly bishops and abbots Monastic decline The Cluniac Reform Movement Cluny founded by Duke William of Aquitaine (910) Reform movement spreads Reform of the Papacy Lay investiture Pope Gregory VII (1073 – 1085) Investiture Controversy Concordat of Worms (1122)

Abbey of Cluny - Interior

Christianity and Medieval Civilization Growth of the Papal Monarchy Administrative structure Pope Innocent III (1198 – 1216) Philip Augustus of France Interdict of England

New Religious Orders and Spiritual Ideals The Cistercian Order Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 – 1153) Women Hildegard of Bingen (1098 – 1179) Mystical Visions The Franciscans Saint Francis of Assisi (1182 – 1226) The Dominicans Dominic de Guzmán (1170 – 1221)

Popular Religion in the High Middle Ages Sacraments Saints The Virgin Mary Relics

Voices of Protest and Intolerance Heresy Catharism Dualist System Catholic Church was evil according to their views Albigensian Crusade (began in 1209) The Holy Office (Papal Inquisition) Persecution of the Jews The Crusades Fourth Lateran Council (1215) Expulsion Intolerance and Homosexuality Associated with other minority groups Thomas Aquinas and the “sin against nature” Punishment

The Crusades Background to the Crusades Islam and the Seljuk Turks Change and Disintegration in the Muslim World Seljuk Turks Nomadic People from Central Asia Capture of Baghdad (1055) Battle of Manzikert (1071) The Byzantine Empire Divisions between the Catholic and Orthodox Church Schism (1054) Alexius I Comnenus (1081 – 1118)

The Early Crusades Pope Urban II (1088 – 1099) Crusading Fervor Council of Clermont (1095) Crusading Fervor “Armed pilgrimages” First Crusade (1096 – 1099) Captures Antioch (1098) Captures Jerusalem (1099)

The Early Crusades ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

The Early Crusades, Continued Crusader States Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli and Jerusalem Muslims strike back Fall of Edessa (1144) Second Crusade Total Failure Third Crusade (1189 – 1192) Reaction to the Fall of Jerusalem Saladin Led by Frederick I Barbarossa of Germany, Richard the Lionhearted of England and Philip Augustus of France

Interior of Sainte Madeleine – Vézelay Site of Saint Bernard of Clairvaux’s Sermon Preaching the Second Crusade

Crusades of the 13th Century and the Effects The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century Fourth Crusade (1202 – 1204) Sack of Constantinople Latin Empire of Constantinople (1204 – 1261) Children’s Crusade (1212) Effects of the Crusades Little impact on the Muslim World Impact on European Society Cultural Interaction Many young warriors removed from Europe Italian cities benefited economically Attacks on Jews

The Crusades of the Thirteenth Century ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license. ©2003 Wadsworth, a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Thomson Learning™ is a trademark used herein under license.

Grand Canal – Venice, Italy

Discussion Questions How was royal power strengthened in France and England beginning in the Eleventh Century? What forces pulled apart the Holy Roman Empire between the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries? How was the history of Russia linked to the invasions of the Mongols? What role did Cluny play in reforming the Church and the papacy? What was the function of the pope in Medieval Europe? What fed the climate of intolerance in Europe after the Twelfth Century? What were the causes of the Crusades? Were the Crusades a success or a failure?

Web Links Kings and Queens of England Paris at the Time of Philip Augustus The Royal Abbey of Fontevraud LIBRO – The Library of Iberian Resources Online The Mongols in World History NetSerf – Religious Orders The Crusades – A Virtual Course The Medieval Crusades The Virtual Pilgrim