Africa HAS 3190

Cape Verde

Language Creole and Portuguese

Migration U.S. whaling industry Famine at home Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut 400,000

Spiritual traditions Catholic Protestant

Family Center of lives Elders Women Neighbors

Diet Katxupa (manchupa)

Illness and Death God’s will Disabled protected Active in teaching Empowering patients

Implications Parents with children Visits from parents Intimidated Adults and children Internal sadness Expressive Wakes and funerals

Traditional Medicine Curanderas or curiosas Difluxan Konta d’odju

Other issues Blood –Sleeping (Sangi durmidu) –Dead (Sangi mortu) –Bruised (Sange pezode) Living Blood (Sangi vivu)

Ethiopia

Language 80 dialects Amharic

Migration Repressive regime (mid-1970s) Political turmoil in East Africa

Spiritual traditions Orthodox (Coptic) Muslim

Family Women/girls Large families High divorce Elders (“aunt” or “uncle”)

Diet No meat, eggs or milk (Wed or Fri) No poultry, beef or dairy before Easter Muslims and Ramadan

Attitudes Illness is a punishment Mental illness = evil spirits Spirits in individuals Healing appeases the spirits Evil Eye

Cultural courtesies Elders and hand shakes Right hand for “clean” work Muslim men and women don’t touch

Communication Patterns Doctors and bad news No middle name

Traditional medicine Newborn care Older men Fire burning –Stick heated and applied to skin Herbal remedies Prayer

Female Circumcision Genital mutilation Many believe –Defines sexual and social identity –Doesn’t allow for sexual pleasure –Promotes health

Other relevant issues Don’t understand withholding treatment News of pending death Spanking children

Somalia

Language Somali Arabic

Migration Escape wars (1991) Resettlement programs

Religion Sunni Muslim

Other issues = Ethiopia Family Diet (Muslim) Cultural courtesies Traditional medicine Issues relevant to hospitalization

Bush Medicine Herbal medicine African-Caribbean culture –Fever bush –Toothache bush 70% of world’s population uses herbal medicine

Sangoma

Practitioner of herbal medicine Belief in ancestral spirits – calling Trainee = Twaza Ritual sacrifice

Traditional Healers Zulu, Swazi, Xhosa, Sotho, Tswana, Venda, Tsongo/Shangaan ethnic groups Holistic and symbolic form Ancestors give instructions

Guidance in Three Forms Possession Throwing bones Dreams

Possession Trance –Drumming –Dancing –Chanting Provides specific information

Throwing bones Collection of bones Ancestors control how they lie

Dreams Metaphors

Muti Plant and animal origin Powerful symbolism –Lion fat = courage Can be drunk, smoked, inhaled, used for washing, smeared, enemas or rubbed into an incision

Sangomas Far outnumber western doctors Consulted first (80%) Charlatans

South Africa

Health Care Large public sector Small private sector Primary – hi-tech Nearly 200 private hospitals Mining industry has 60 of its own District-based health system

Video

Kwanzaa African American and Pan-African Dec 26 – Jan 1 First harvest – “matunda ya kwanza”

Kwanzaa Ingathering of people Reverence for creator Commemoration of past Recommitment to culture Celebration of Good

Seven values – Nguzo Saba Umoja (Unity) Kujichagulia (Self-determination) Ujima (Collective work and responsibility) Ujamaa (Cooperative economics) Nia (Purpose) Kuumba (Creativity) Imani (Faith)