"Peace to End All Peace": The Making of the Modern Middle East

I.Introduction  War and the Collapse of the Ottoman Empire

II.Zionism, Nationalism, and Imperialism A.The Emergence of the Zionist Movement B.The Early Zionists 1.Leo Pinsker, Auto-Emancipation (1882) 2.Theodor Herzl, Der Judenstaat (1896)

II.Zionism 3.The Second Aliyah C.Arab Nationalism?

III.The Outbreak of World War I A.The Guns of August B.Stalemate on the Western Front

A.Germany Gains an Ally B.The British and French Respond C.Disaster 1.Kut (April 1916) 2.Gallipoli (April 1915-December 1915) IV.War Comes to the Middle East

A.The Amir Husayn 1.The Husayn-McMahon Correspondence (1916) B.Zionists 1.Balfour Declaration (1917) V. Diplomatic Maneuverings

C.France, Russia, and Britain 1. Sykes-Picot Agreement (1916) V. Diplomatic Maneuverings

A.Palestine/Syria ( ) B.Iraq (1918) C.Armistice (October 1918) VI.Allied Victory

A.Versailles, Wilson’s 14 Points B.San Remo (April 1920) 1.Mandates 2.Turkey VI.The Making of the Modern Middle East

C.Resistance 1.Egypt and Iraq 2.French Syria 3.Turkey VI.The Making of the Modern Middle East

D.The “Settlement of 1922” 1.Turkey 2.Syria and Lebanon 3.Hashemite Iraq and Jordan a.Kuwait VI.The Making of the Modern Middle East

4.British Palestine 5.Egypt 6.The Hejaz 7.Competing Nationalist Claims VI.The Making of the Modern Middle East

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Theodor Herzl

The Post-Ottoman Middle East

VII. Conclusion Today’s Problems