Immigration and Urbanization

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Presentation transcript:

Immigration and Urbanization I. Introduction II. Immigration A. Types 1. “Old” Immigrants—1840-1880 2. “New” Immigrants—1880-1914 3. Asian Immigrants—1850-1914 B. Motivations--Famine, Revolution, Repression, Labor C. Experiences--Work, Discrimination III. Urbanization A. Growth--Extent, Causes B. The Crisis--Poverty, Crime, Health, Disasters C. The Reaction

“Old” Immigrants Irish Family, 1850 Liverpool Docks, 1850 Sen. Carl Shurz, 1829-1906

“New” Immigrants Jewish Garment Italian Grocers, 1915 Workers, 1914 Polish Church, 1918

Asian Immigrants Chinese Population in the United States 1860: 35K

Motivations Famine-- Irish Potato Blight, 1849 Revolution-- Germany, 1848 Repression-- Pogroms, Draft Labor Migration-- Gold Rush, 1849 Padrone System, 1880-1914

Immigrant Workers  Nationalities at Duquesne Steel Mill, 1919

“Irish Power,” Puck, April 3, 1889 Nativism “Irish Power,” Puck, April 3, 1889

Nativism “Hands off, Gentlemen! America means Fair Play for All Men,” Harper’s Weekly, February 18, 1871

Urbanization Population grows to over 100M Growth rate higher in cities and towns

Urbanization Americans living in city over 10,000 pop. 1820-- 5% 1900-- 20% 1920-- 50% Big Cities 1870 - 1910 NYC grows from 1M to 4.7M Chicago grows from 298K to 2.1M

Poverty 1/3 of NYC took some charity during the previous decade In 1889, the city arrested 612 persistent beggars.

Poverty Whole families in one tenement room Neighborhoods in Chicago with three-times the density of Calcutta and Tokyo

Vice Police protect saloons, brothels, opium dens, and gambling houses Denver Saloon with prostitutes, 1895

New York Street before cleaning Health and Safety New York Street before cleaning

Health and Safety Pittsburgh had highest typhoid rate in the world “Typhoid Mary” Mallon Irish immigrant, 1910s Typhoid carrier Defies NY health officials by cooking Kills @50 people Fuels anti-immigrant sentiment

Galveston Flood (1900)--6,000 die (16% of pop.) Urban Disasters The Chicago Fire (1871)--300 dead; 90,000 homeless Galveston Flood (1900)--6,000 die (16% of pop.)

New York Street after cleaning Reform? New York Street after cleaning