Major Tissue Types Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue Tissues are groups of cells with a common function.

Germ Layers 1.Endoderm 2.Mesoderm 3.Ectoderm All tissue types are derived from 3 primary germ layers

internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas 1.Endoderm- internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle 2.Mesoderm- notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves 3.Ectoderm- hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves

Tight Junction fluid tight seal prevents fluid from leaving a cavity Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome & hemidesmosome) tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle Gap Junction passage of chemical & electrical signals Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells.

Gap Junction HemidesmosomeDesmosome Adherens Tight Junction

Epithelia comes in 2 forms: 1.Glandular epithelia 2.Membranous epithelia Functions: Protection Absorption Filtration Excretion Secretion Sensory reception

Multicellular exocrine gland: most have supportive connective tissue, secretory unit, blood supply, nerves Merocrine- pancreas, sweat glands, salivary Holocrine- sebaceous Apocrine- sweat glands, mammary glands ducted glands Merocrine gland Holocrine gland

Unicellular exocrine gland: single cells scattered in an epithelial sheet amid cells w/other functions Goblet cells

Lg intestine Sweat glands Gastric Sebaceous Cowper’s MammaryAcinar of pancreas Liver

Secretes product directly directly in blood Secretes product through duct

Simple Squamous Epithelium Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Simple Columnar Epithelium Stratified Epithelium Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Transitional Epithelium

Function: gas exchange in lungs Location: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen

Frog skin

Function: secretion and absorption Location: kidney tubules

Mammalian kidney

Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract

1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine Cross section of small intestine

Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal

1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue Cross section of esophagus

cornified layer of dead cells stratified squamous epithelium

goblet cell Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system

Function: protection and secretion Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

Function: stretches Location: lines ureters, bladder and part of urethra

Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue Dense Connective TissueDense Connective Tissue Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue CartilageCartilage BoneBone BloodBlood

Functions: 1.Connects body parts 2.Protection 3.Insulation 4.Transport substances Common characteristics: 1.All originate from mesenchyme 2.Well vascularized 3.Extracellular matrix Three main elements: 1.Ground substance 2.Fibers 3.Cells

Ground Substance: Water Polysaccharide Protein

Fibers: Reticular Elastic Collagen

Cell Types: Fibroblast Chondroblast Osteoblasts Macrophages Plasma Cells Mast Cells Adipocytes White Blood Cells

Embryonic Connective Tissue

Loose Connective Tissue (areolar) 1. Collagen fiber 2. Elastic fiber Subcutaneous layer underlying tissues & organs

Location: lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Stores triglycerides Good insulator Supports & protects organs

Forms tendons & ligaments

Cross section of tendon

In fascia and periosteum of bone Dermis of skin

Costal cartilage between ribs

chondrocytes in lacunae elastic fibers

chondrocyte in lacuna collagen fibers Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees

compact bone spongy bone

osteocytes in lacunae central canal canaliculi in matrix

erythrocytes leukocytes

Skeletal Muscle Tissue Smooth Muscle Tissue Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Biology 100 Human Biology

Inquiry 1.What is the difference between the three types of muscle tissue? 2.What type of epithelia tissue has many layers of flattened cells? 3.What layer in the epidermis are new skin cells produced? 4.What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands? 5.Which organ system includes the thymus and pancreas?