CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES. U.S. IMPERIAL POWER Conquest and incorporation Formal colonization Informal “spheres of influence”

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Presentation transcript:

CONFRONTING THE UNITED STATES

U.S. IMPERIAL POWER Conquest and incorporation Formal colonization Informal “spheres of influence”

STRATEGIES FOR POWER Mexico –Conquest and incorporation –Military intervention –Political and economic pressure Central America and Caribbean –Colonization (Puerto Rico, Panama?) –Dollar diplomacy and “sphere of influence” –Military intervention (Dominican Republic, Panama, Haiti) Cuba –Military intervention, occupation ( ) –Quasi-colony (Platt Amendment, ) –Sphere of influence ( ) –Attempts at overthrow (1959- )

U.S. MILITARY INTERVENTIONS, Costa Rica1921 Cuba , , 1912, Dominican Rep1903, 1904, 1914, Haiti Honduras1903, 1907, 1911, 1912, 1919, 1924, 1925 Mexico1913, 1914, , Nicaragua1898, 1899, , , Panama , 1921, 1925

Defining the Challenge Establishing sovereignty Articulating national interests In the wake of colonial rule (and war) Negotiating international arena Confronting the United States

STRATEGIC OPTIONS 1.Collective unity (“the Bolivarian dream”) 2.Extra-hemispheric protection 3.Regional hegemony 4.International law 5.Cultures of resistance 6.Alignment with the United States

OPTIONS IN ACTION: MEXICO –Collective unity (as leader of Latin America) –Regional hegemony (in Central America) –International law (re sovereignty) –Cultures of resistance –Alignment with United States (NAFTA)

CENTRAL AMERICA + CARIBBEAN Central America –Collective unity (unification) –Cultures of resistance –Alignment with USA Caribbean –Extra-hemispheric protection (Europe) –Cultures of resistance –Alignment with USA

CUBA Cultures of resistance + revolution Extra-hemispheric protection Collective unity (?)

Outcomes and Implications Short-term success and experimentation Growth of nationalist anti-imperialism Continuing quest for sovereignty Tensions in U.S.-Latin American relations