Rock cycle song Magma rises to form igneous rock It breaks down by weathering and erosion It washes away by wind and water, it washes away by wind and water It compacts and cements, it compacts and cements To form sedimentary rock, to form sedimentary rock It goes under heat and pressure, heat and pressure To form metamorphic rock, to form metamorphic rock

TypeCharacteristicsExamples SedimentaryLayered Fossils conglomerates MetamorphicSmooth Stripes Small crystals igneousSmall to medium crystals large holes glassy

Foliated vs. Nonfoliated metamorphic rock Foliated-can see layers Nonfoliated-cannot see layers

Intrusive vs. Extrusive Intrusive igneous rock have larger crystals than extrusive rock because it takes more time to cool inside the Earth thus allowing crystals more time to “grow”

Weathering song "Wea-ther-ing! (pause) Ero-sion! (pause) De-po-si- tion!" repeatedly. For weathering, students will stick out three fingers on each hand to form W's. Rhythmically, they will slam their W's together to represent the breaking of rocks. During the erosion portion of the chant, instruct students to move their hands in a sideways wave motion, similar to a hula dancer. If your classroom has enough room, allow students to slide sideways to model the movement of erosion. Finally, when students chant "De-po-si-tion," they should make a downward motion with their hands and kneel to the ground, showing how particles eventually deposit or stop.deposit

Deposition Dropping off of particles Occurs where water moving slowest Erosion occurs where water moving fastest

Deposition Most erosion at points ____ and ____. Most deposition at points ____ and ____.

Deposition Most erosion at points _B___ and __C__. Most deposition at points __A__ and __D__.

Classifying rocks

Rock #1

Rock #1 obsidian Obsidian is lava that has cooled without forming crystals, giving it a glassy texture. See more obsidian photos and learn more about obsidian in the obsidian picture gallery. For photos of related rocks, see the extrusive volcanic rocks gallery.glassy textureobsidian picture galleryextrusive volcanic rocks gallery Fossils

Rock #2

Rock #2 granite Granite is a coarse-grained, light colored, intrusive igneous rock that contains mainly quartz and feldspar minerals. The specimen above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.

Rock #3

Rock #3 basalt Basalt is a fine-grained, dark-colored extrusive igneous rock composed mainly of plagioclase and pyroxene. The specimen shown is about two inches (five centimeters) across.

Rock #4

Rock #4 Scoria Scoria is a dark-colored, vesicular, extrusive igneous rock. The vesicles are a result of trapped gas within the melt at the time of solidification. It often forms as a frothy crust on the top of a lava flow or as material ejected from a volcanic vent and solidifying while airborne. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.

Rock #5

Rock #5 rhyolite Rhyolite is a light-colored, fine-grained, extrusive igneous rock that typically contains quartz and feldspar minerals. The specimen shown above is about two inches (five centimeters) across.

Rock #6

Rock #6 shale sedimentary rock that easily breaks off in layers

Rock #7

Rock #7 breccia The angular clasts in this breccia are chert fragments. The matrix is an iron-stained mix of clay through sand- size particles. The specimen is about two inches (five centimeters) across.

Rock #8

Rock # 8 Sandstone Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock made up mainly of sand-size (1/16 to 2 millimeter diameter) weathering debris. Environments where large amounts of sand can accumulate include beaches, deserts, flood plains and deltas.

Rock #9

Rock #9 Conglomerate Conglomerate is a clastic sedimentary rock that contains large (greater than two millimeters in diameter) rounded clasts. The space between the clasts is generally filled with smaller particles and/or a chemical cement that binds the rock together.

Rock #10

Rock #10 Limestone Limestone is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in the form of the mineral calcite. It most commonly forms in clear, warm, shallow marine waters. It is usually an organic sedimentary rock that forms from the accumulation of shell, coral, algal and fecal debris. It can also be a chemical sedimentary rock formed by the precipitation of calcium carbonate from lake or ocean water.

Rock #11

Rock #11 slate Slate is a foliated metamorphic rock that is formed through the metamorphism of shale. It is a low grade metamorphic rock that splits into thin pieces.

Rock #12

Rock #12 marble Marble is a non-foliated metamorphic rock that is produced from the metamorphism of limestone. It is composed primarily of calcium carbonate.

Rock #13

Rock #13 quartzite Quartzite is a non-foliated metamorphic rock that is produced by the metamorphism of sandstone. It is composed primarily of quartz.

Rock #14

Rock #14 gneiss Gneiss is foliated metamorphic rock that has a banded appearance and is made up of granular mineral grains. It typically contains abundant quartz or feldspar minerals.

Rock #15

Rock #15 schist Schist is metamorphic rock with well developed foliation. It often contains significant amounts of mica which allow the rock to split into thin pieces. It is a rock of intermediate metamorphic grade between phyllite and gneiss

Rock #16 Limestone

Rock #17 Coal

Rock #18 Sandstone