Food: An Ecosystem Perspective Biology 101 Laboratory Biology and Society Laboratory Exercise 10
Objectives When you have completed this lab, you will be able to: Identify a wide range of plant foods that are eaten worldwide Understand the geographic origin of major food species Understand the biodiversity available in our crop plants
Stump the Instructor
What food plant did you bring in? Where does it come from? Where is it grown now? Any interesting uses besides food? HW Review:
The Plants We Eat potatoes cassava sweet potato yam soybeans peanuts, groundnuts beans peas grasses roots & tubers roots & tubers legumes rice wheat corn, maize barley oats rye millet sorghum
Geographic Origin Food species have been spread by humans for thousands of years Often crops that are minor in their native range become major crops in different locations
Class Exercise: Geographic Origin Common processed foods labels: What species are on the ingredients list? Online, find natural origin of each species/ingredient How many different species; from how many continents?
Crop Biodiversity Many varieties selected from crop species Selection by humans can result in varieties of the same plant that look like separate species
Species or Variety? Different name but same species: Broccoli Collard greens Cabbage All are Brassica oleracea
Species or Variety? Same name but different species: Cabbage: Brassica oleracea Chinese Cabbage: Brassica campestris Mustard Cabbage: Brassica juncea
Brassica campestris Brassica oleracea
Brassica juncea Mustard cabbage
Crop Wheat Rice Corn Sorghum Soybeans Potatoes Cassava Tomatoes The Crop Gene Bank Accessions 850, , , , ,000 31,000 28,000 77,500 Percent
HW: Biodiversity in Our Diet Go to a food store selling fresh produce: Survey the fruits and vegetables Identify the species in which you can find the most varieties in this store Choose 5 species with the most varieties Report the total number of “varieties” in each of these high-diversity species and list each variety
Apples
Note the signs
Hints Only look at the five species with the highest diversity Note that some species come in very different (and unexpected) forms [Cabbage, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, etc.; all the kinds of lettuce] The whole idea is for you to look critically at the entire produce section, not just at things you usually buy
Ethical Discussion
Fig. 2. The abundance of fishes decreases as the populations of humans increase. This indicates that humans adversely affect the fish populations, probably by overfishing. The human populations are represented as per km 2 of reef. human population density/reef km2 metric tonnes of fish/hectare
Metric tons per hectare
Designating 25% of the coastal zone a no-take marine reserve. Restrict fishing to only people of Hawaiian descent Keep things as they are where everyone can fish when and where they want. Three scenarios to cope with diminishing fish stocks Which do you support, and why?