The Reproductive System Make gametes – egg & sperm Deliver sperm Place for gametes to meet - fertilization Place for the embryo/fetus to grow Way to get out – delivery Way to feed the newborn
Pelvic diaphragm Levator ani coccygeus piriformis
episiotomy
Pelvic diaphragm Testes, scrotum, penis Ductus (vas) deferens Urethra (prostatic, membranous, spongy) Parietal peritoneum Bladder, rectum Prostate gland
Tunica vaginalis (parietal & visceral layers) Spermatic cord ductus deferens blood vessels Pampiniform plexus nerves Ductus deferens epididymis Rete testes Efferent ductule Semitubes – spermatogenesis – ahead one slide – then back Tunica vaginalis (parietal & visceral layers) Seminiferous tubules (spermatogenesis) Tunica albuginea Pathway of sperm
Interstitial (Leydig) cell hypothalamus Pituitary gland FSH & LH Test. Interstitial (Leydig) cell Secrete testosterone Sustentacular (Sertoli) cell: bind testosterone Blood – testes barrier
Layers of scrotum 3 ways to keep sperm at right temperature Superficial Inguinal ring External spermatic fascia (internal spermatic fascia) Cremaster muscle Pampiniform plexus Tunica vaginalis Testes Covered with TA Median septum of scrotum Dartos muscle 3 ways to keep sperm at right temperature
Removed skin and fat (scrotum) Inguinal canal
Spermatic cord covered with spermatic fascia (external, cremaster mm, internal) Testes covered with tunica albuginea (tunica vaginalis removed)
Sperm Facts It takes 74 days for sperm to mature Young men make 300,000 sperm/minute or 400 million/day Avg. sperm count 50-120 million sperm/mL Lower than 20-25 million/mL = infertility Sperm count has dropped over last 60 years avg. 113 million/mL in 1940 avg. 66 million/mL today semen volume has decreased as well
Testicular cancer cancer of the testes most common in males age 15-35 abnormal mass in testes good survival rate if found early Lance Armstrong 1996 – diagnosed with testicular cancer metastasized to lungs & brain 1997 – clean bill of health 1999 – won 1st Tour de France
vasectomy
60% of semen fructose, fibrinogen & PG’s Seminal vesicle Prostate gland 30% of semen base, clotting enzymes & fibrinolysin Bulbourethral gland base & lubricant Dorsal view
Internal urethral sphincter Prostatic utricle Ejc. ducts Spongy urethra Bulbourethral glands Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Pelvic diaphragm External urethral sphincter
Dorsal vein Dorsal artery & nerve Corpus spongiosum C.C C.S Corpus cavernosum prepuce glans Urethral orifice circumcision
Parasympathetic NS: vasodilation Sympathetic NS: peristalsis, sphincter closure & muscle contraction (200 inches/sec)
Parasympathetic nerves Nitric oxide cGMP Dilate vessels + - Viagra Alcohol Drugs Antidepressants Appetite suppressors Vascular problems Diabetes Stress