Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 1Winter Quarter Arrays Lecture 11

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 2Winter Quarter What Is an Array? An array is a group of items of the same type under one variable name. It is an ordered list of elements where each is of the same data type. As an example, the days of the week can be represented as a one-dimensional array named day where Sunday is the first element, Monday the second, and so on.

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 3Winter Quarter Thinking About Arrays The days of the month can be thought of as a two-dimensional array. Looking at a calendar, each row represents a week (which can be represented as a one-dimensional array), and the entire month is composed of an array of arrays, that is, a two-dimensional array.

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 4Winter Quarter Arrays Taking the concept further, the days of the year can be represented as a three-dimensional array, that is, an array of arrays of arrays. The first dimension is the day of the week, the second the week of the month, and the third the month of the year.

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 5Winter Quarter Declaring Arrays A one-dimensional array is represented by specifying the array name followed by a number in square brackets [ ] to indicate the array size (or number of elements). The statement: int day[ 7 ]; would declare a seven element array of integers. Declaring multi-dimensional arrays is similar: int month[ 4 ][ 7 ]; would declare an array of integers with 4 rows and 7 columns.

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 6Winter Quarter Assigning Values to Arrays Once an array is declared, the elements are accessed by specifying the array name and the number of the element. In C, the first element is number 0, so a seven element array would have elements numbered 0 through 6. For the week of February 6th through the 12th, the array could be assigned as follows: day[0]=6; day[1]=7; day[2]=8; day[3]=9; day[4]=10; day[5]=11; day[6]=12; The number in the brackets is called an index (or a subscript).

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 7Winter Quarter Assigning Values to Arrays Optionally, the array can have values assigned to its elements when the array is declared. For example, the statement: int day[ 7 ] = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} ; declares a seven element array day and initializes (assigns values to) all seven of the elements. The program on the next slide illustrates how that works.

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 8Winter Quarter Program Example for Arrays /*The following program will declare the array day, assign values to the elements, and print the data to the screen. */ #include int main ( ) { int n, day[ 7 ] = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12} ; for (n = 0 ; n < 7 ; n++ ) { printf ("day[ %d ] is February %d, 2005 \n", n, day[n] ) ; }

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 9Winter Quarter Program Output of an Array When this program is run, it will produce the following output: day[0] is February 6, 2005 day[1] is February 7, 2005 day[2] is February 8, 2005 day[3] is February 9, 2005 day[4] is February 10, 2005 day[5] is February 11, 2005 day[6] is February 12, 2005

Engineering H192 - Computer Programming The Ohio State University Gateway Engineering Education Coalition Lect 11P. 10Winter Quarter Another Program Example /* Program to generate an array of 10 random numbers */ #include #define SIZE 10/* SIZE defined as symbolic constant */ int main ( ) { int i, numbers [SIZE] ; for (i = 0 ; i < SIZE ; i++ ) { numbers[ i ] = rand ( ) ; printf ( "The number[ %d ] is %d \n", i, numbers[ i ]) ; }