Landmark Routing for Large Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Globecom 2000 San Francisco, Nov 30, 2000 Mario Gerla, Xiaoyan Hong and Gary Pei Computer Science Department.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Mobile and Wireless Computing Institute for Computer Science, University of Freiburg Western Australian Interactive Virtual Environments Centre (IVEC)
Advertisements

Proposed ad hoc Routing Approaches Conventional wired-type schemes (global routing, proactive): –Distance Vector; Link State Proactive ad hoc routing:
Network Layer Routing Issues (I). Infrastructure vs. multi-hop Infrastructure networks: Infrastructure networks: ◦ One or several Access-Points (AP) connected.
An Interest-Driven Approach to Integrated Unicast and Multicast Routing in MANETs Rolando Menchaca-Mendez J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves 280N Seminar: 4/28/2008.
Self-Organizing Hierarchical Routing for Scalable Ad Hoc Networking David B. Johnson Department of Computer Science Rice University Monarch.
Ranveer Chandra , Kenneth P. Birman Department of Computer Science
MANETs Routing Dr. Raad S. Al-Qassas Department of Computer Science PSUT
Page 1 of Fisheye State Routing (FSR) G. Pei, M. Gerla, Tsu-Wei Chen, "Fisheye State Routing: A Routing Scheme for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks,"
Scalable Team Multicast in Wireless Ad hoc networks Exploiting Coordinated Motion Mario Gerla University of California, Los Angeles.
Multicast-Enabled Landmark (M-LANMAR) : Implementation and scalability YunJung Yi, Mario Gerla, JS Park, Yeng Lee, SW Lee Computer Science Dept University.
GeoLANMAR Routing: Asymptotic Analysis in Large and Dense Networks Broadnets 2005 Boston, Oct 5, 2005 Mario Gerla, Biao Zhou (UCLA) F. de Rango, S. Marano.
Performance Comparison of Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Networks PATTERN ENDIF Ferrara.
CS541 Advanced Networking 1 Dynamic Channel Assignment and Routing in Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks Neil Tang 3/10/2009.
ITIS 6010/8010 Wireless Network Security Dr. Weichao Wang.
ITIS 6010/8010 Wireless Network Security Dr. Weichao Wang.
Ad Hoc Wireless Routing CS Winter 2001 Review of conventional routing schemes Proactive wireless routing schemes Hierarchical routing Reactive (on.
A Performance Comparison of Multi-Hop Wireless Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols Josh Broch David A. Maltz David B. Johnson Yih-Chun Hu Jorjeta Jetcheva.
Ad Hoc Networks Routing
CS541 Advanced Networking 1 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) Neil Tang 02/02/2009.
CS 268: Ad Hoc Routing Kevin Lai Feb 20, Ad Hoc Motivation  Internet goal: decentralized control -someone still has to deploy.
Ad Hoc Wireless Routing CS 218- Fall 2003 Wireless multihop routing challenges Review of conventional routing schemes Proactive wireless routing Hierarchical.
Mobile and Wireless Computing Institute for Computer Science, University of Freiburg Western Australian Interactive Virtual Environments Centre (IVEC)
Dynamic Team Formation on Team-Oriented Multicast Yiguo Wu and Siavosh Bahrami Tutor: Yunjung Yi Prof. Mario Gerla CS 218 Advanced Computer Networks 12/05/2003.
Beacon Vector Routing: Scalable Point-to-Point Routing in Wireless Sensornets.
9/25/2000UCLA CSD Gerla, Kwon and Pei On Demand Routing in Large Ad Hoc Wireless Networks With Passive Clustering Mario Gerla, Taek Jin Kwon and Guangyu.
CS401 presentation1 Effective Replica Allocation in Ad Hoc Networks for Improving Data Accessibility Takahiro Hara Presented by Mingsheng Peng (Proc. IEEE.
Mario Gerla Ne X tworking’03 June 23-25,2003, Chania, Crete, Greece The First COST-IST(EU)-NSF(USA) Workshop on EXCHANGES & TRENDS IN N ETWORKING 1 Nextworking.
Ad Hoc Wireless Routing COS 461: Computer Networks
ENHANCING AND EVALUATION OF AD-HOC ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VANET.
Itrat Rasool Quadri ST ID COE-543 Wireless and Mobile Networks
Routing in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). 1. WHAT IS A MANET ? A MANET can be defined as a system of autonomous mobile nodes A MANET can be defined.
Institut für Betriebssysteme und Rechnerverbund Technische Universität Braunschweig Multi hop Connectivity in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) Habib-ur.
Scalable Routing Protocols for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Xiaoyan Hong, Kaixin Xu, and Mario Gerla at UCLA.
ROUTING ALGORITHMS IN AD HOC NETWORKS
Outline Wireless introduction Wireless cellular (GSM, CDMA, UMTS) Wireless LANs, MAC layer Wireless Ad hoc networks – routing: proactive routing, on-demand.
Fair Sharing of MAC under TCP in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Mario Gerla Computer Science Department University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA.
Routing Protocols of On- Demand Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) Ad-Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV)
Wireless, Mobile, Ad-Hoc Network Routing Mario Gerla, UCLA CSD FOCUS 99.
Fault-Tolerant Papers Broadband Network & Mobile Communication Lab Course: Computer Fault-Tolerant Speaker: 邱朝螢 Date: 2004/4/20.
Multicast ad hoc networks Multicast in ad hoc nets Multicast in ad hoc nets Review of Multicasting in wired networks Review of Multicasting in wired networks.
#1 EETS 8316/NTU CC725-N/TC/ Routing - Circuit Switching  Telephone switching was hierarchical with only one route possible —Added redundant routes.
Computer Networks Dr. Jorge A. Cobb The Performance of Query Control Schemes for the Zone Routing Protocol.
The Performance of Query Control Schemes for the Zone Routing Protocol Zygmunt J. Haas Marc R. Pearlman.
Doc.: IEEE /1047r0 Submission Month 2000August 2004 Avinash Joshi, Vann Hasty, Michael Bahr.Slide 1 Routing Protocols for MANET Avinash Joshi,
SRL: A Bidirectional Abstraction for Unidirectional Ad Hoc Networks. Venugopalan Ramasubramanian Ranveer Chandra Daniel Mosse.
On-Demand Routing Protocols Routes are established “on demand” as requested by the source Only the active routes are maintained by each node Channel/Memory.
Efficient Flooding in Ad Hoc Networks: a Comparative Performance Study
A Scalable Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks Eric Arnaud Id:
Scalable Routing Protocols for
Proposed ad hoc Routing Approaches
1 Efficient Backbone Synthesis Algorithm for Multi-Radio Wireless Mesh Networks Huei-jiun Ju and Izhak Rubin Electrical Engineering Department University.
Sharp Hybrid Adaptive Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
SGPS A Hybrid of Topology and Location Based Protocol for Ad hoc Networks Jingyi Yu Computer Graphics Group.
SHORT: Self-Healing and Optimizing Routing Techniques for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Presenter: Sheng-Shih Wang October 30, 2003 Chao Gui and Prasant Mohapatra.
November 4, 2003Applied Research Laboratory, Washington University in St. Louis APOC 2003 Wuhan, China Cost Efficient Routing in Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless.
Load Balanced Link Reversal Routing in Mobile Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Nabhendra Bisnik, Alhussein Abouzeid ECSE Department RPI Costas Busch CSCI Department.
Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) ietf
Improving Fault Tolerance in AODV Matthew J. Miller Jungmin So.
Proposed ad hoc Routing Approaches Conventional wired-type schemes (global routing, proactive): –Distance Vector; Link State Proactive ad hoc routing:
Performance Comparison of Ad Hoc Network Routing Protocols Presented by Venkata Suresh Tamminiedi Computer Science Department Georgia State University.
AODV-OLSR Scalable Ad hoc Routing
A comparison of Ad-Hoc Routing Protocols
Sensor Network Routing
Fisheye Routing protocol
Intra-Domain Routing Jacob Strauss September 14, 2006.
Some Typical Routing Protocols in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
by Saltanat Mashirova & Afshin Mahini
Routing in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
Vinay Singh Graduate school of Software Dongseo University
A Talk on Mobile Ad hoc Networks (Manets)
Presentation transcript:

Landmark Routing for Large Ad Hoc Wireless Networks Globecom 2000 San Francisco, Nov 30, 2000 Mario Gerla, Xiaoyan Hong and Gary Pei Computer Science Department University of California, Los Angeles /

Ad Hoc vs Cellular Wireless Nets Multihop (Ad Hoc) Single Hop (Cellular) Base

Scalability in ad hoc wireless routing Scalability to network size –Potentially, thousands of nodes (e.g., battlefield, sensor networks) Scalability to mobility –mobility critical in battlefield and vehicular applications

Do Existing Routing Protocols Scale? Proactive routing: –Distance Vector based: DBF, DSDV, WIRP –Link State Main limitations : routing table O/H; control traffic O/H On-demand, reactive routing: –AODV, TORA, DSR, ABR etc Main limitations : search-flood O/H with high mobility and many short lived flows

Distance Vector Routing table at node 5 : Tables grow linearly with # nodes Control O/H grows with mobility and size

Link State Routing At node 5, based on the link state packet, topology table is constructed: Dijkstra’s Algorithm can then be used for the shortest path {1} {0,2,3} {1,4} {2,4} {2,3,5} {1,4,5}

query(0) reply(0) On-demand Routing Advantages: –on-demand request & reply eliminates periodic update O/H (channel O/H) –routing table size is reduced (it includes only routes in use) (storage O/H) Limitations: –not scalable with traffic load –mobility may trigger frequent flood-searches

Hierarchical Routing Traditional solution in large scale networks (eg, Internet): hierarchical routing Unfortunately, hierarchical routing implementation problematic in ad hoc nets In a mobile ad hoc network the hierarchical addresses must be continuously changed to reflect movements Some ad hoc routing schemes recently proposed use an “implicit” hierarchy (eg, Fisheye, Zone routing, etc)

Wireless Hierarchical Routing (addresses change with motion) Level = 0 (1,1) (1,2) (1,3) (1,4) Level = 1 (2,1) (2,3) Level = 2 DestID (1,2) (1,4) (2,3) Path (1,2) 5-7-(1,4) 5-7-(1,4)-(2,3) HSR table at node 5

Implicit hierarchical routing: Fisheye State Routing Hop=1 Hop=2 Hop>2 13

Fisheye Routing In Fisheye routing, routing table entries for a given destination are updated (ie, exchanged with the neighbors) with progressively lower frequency as distance to destination increases Property 1: the further away the destination, the less accurate the route Property 2: as a packet approaches destination, the route becomes progressively more accurate Major “scalability” benefit: control traffic O/H is manageable even for very large network size Unsolved problems: route table size still grows linearly with network size; out of date routes to remote destinations

Update O/H Reduction in FSR (optional) :{1} 1:{0,2,3} 2:{5,1,4} 3:{1,4} 4:{5,2,3} 5:{2,4} LSTHOP 0:{1} 1:{0,2,3} 2:{5,1,4} 3:{1,4} 4:{5,2,3} 5:{2,4} LSTHOP 0:{1} 1:{0,2,3} 2:{5,1,4} 3:{1,4} 4:{5,2,3} 5:{2,4} LSTHOP

Ad Hoc “Group” Hierarchical Solution: Landmark Routing Main assumption: nodes move in groups Three components in LANMAR: (1) a “local ” proactive routing algorithm that keeps accurate routes from a source to all destinations within scope N (e.g., Fisheye alg truncated to scope N, Bellman Ford, DSDV, etc) (2) a Landmark selection alg for each logical group (3) a routing algorithm that maintains accurate routes to landmarks from all mobiles in the field

Logical Subnet Logical subnet: group of nodes with functional affinity with each other (eg, they move together) Node logical address = Landmark Routing: the ConceptLandmark A Landmark is elected in each subnet Every node keeps Fisheye Link State table/routes to neighbors up to hop distance N Every node maintains routes to all Landmarks

Landmark Routing (cont’d) A packet to local destination is routed directly using Fisheye table based on MAC address A packet to remote destination is routed to corresponding Landmark based on logical addr Once the packet gets within Landmark scope, the direct route is found in Fisheye tables Benefits: dramatic reduction of both routing overhead and table size; scalable to large networksLandmark Logical Subnet

Landmark Routing: Dynamic Election Dynamic landmark election a must in a mobile environment and in presence of enemy attacks Node with largest number of group members in its scope proclaims itself Landmark for group; ties broken by lowest ID “Oscillation” of landmark role is eliminated by hysteresis. Multiple landmarks may coexist if group spans several “scopes” (they can be hierarchically organized)

Landmark Election (detail - may skip) Landmark election algorithm: –No landmark exists initially, only FSR progresses. –A node proclaims itself as a landmark when it detects > T number of group members in its FSR scope. –An election is required to select the winner in the group. Simple election winner algorithm –A node with the largest number of group members wins and the lowest ID breaks a tie. Hysteresis election winner algorithm –The current election winner replaces the old landmark when its number of group members is larger than the old one by an extra fraction. –Or, the old landmark gives up the landmark role when its number of group members reduces to a value smaller than a threshold T.

Drifting nodes (detail - may skip) Drifters are nodes outside of the scope of their landmark Drifters periodically “register” with Landmark Registration message creates reverse path from Landmark to drifter A packet directed to a drifter must be first received by the Landmark and then forwarded to drifter Routing table entries to drifters increase routing table OH; however, the extra O/H is low if drifter fraction is low

Illustration by Example A B C D H I J KL O P LM1 LM2 LM3 LM4

Simulation Environment GlomoSim platform 100 nodes 1000x1000 square meter simulation area 150m radio range UDP sessions between random node pairs CBR traffic ( one 512 byte pkt every 2.5 sec) # of logical groups = 4 2-level Fisheye with radius = 2 hops IEEE MAC layer; 2Mbps link rate Reference Point Group Mobility model –random waypoint model is used for both individual and group component of the mobility vector

Throughput and Delay

Routing Load with and w/o Election

Conclusions Accuracy of the route to Landmark nodes proves to be adequate LANMAR exhibits good scalability with increasing communication pairs LANMAR provides a dramatic reduction in routing table storage overhead with respect to FSR Dynamic Landmark Election introduces only a moderate increase in routing O/H (with respect to fixed Landmark)

Work in Progress (optional) Independent (instead of group) mobility Very small groups (in the limit, all isolated nodes) “Optimal” scope of local routing Hierarchical Landmark organization Membership change from one group to another Landmarking in a heterogeneous structure: directive antennas, UAVs etc

The End Thank You ! www. cs.ucla.edu/NRL