FAA Airport Design David Aarsvold Drew Hauck Elpiniqi Martopullo Tyler Watson

Problem statement Functional requirements Constraints and limitations Alternatives  Sensors  Lights  Interface Definition of project completion Positions and Responsibilities Conclusions Outline

Problem Runway Incursions  Poor visibility  Runways and Taxiways Solutions  Hold short lines Lights Sensors Better control from Tower

Project Scope The team is providing a complete design including the exact number, specification and location of all the lights and sensors. The wiring system configuration that illustrates the connection of the visual aids to their power source and the interface with the control tower. The final report will be submitted to the FAA by 12/21/2006.

Background Currently there are about 5.4 runway incursions for every one million operations. One of the FAA’s top priorities is to reduce the frequency of these incursions and the risk of runway collisions. There are multiple ways to go about reducing runway incursions, including:  different lighting  new forms of guidance for the pilots  warning systems

Functional Requirements Improve communication between the control tower and the pilots/drivers on the runway Enhance the visibility of the runway lighting system for the pilots/drivers Make the communication system in tower less weather dependent through redundancy

Project Organization  Project manager: David Aarsvold Coordinate communication with Duluth Airport and FAA point of contact Human Machine Interface Design Create cost estimate  Industrial Engineer: Elpiniqi Martopullo ALMCS logic design Human Machine Interface SOP BRITE system application  Mechanical Engineer: Tyler Watson Product and alternatives research Find correct spacing for lights Lighting control system  Mechanical Engineer: Drew Hauck Product and alternatives research Find correct spacing distances for sensors Magneto sensor testing research

Lighting Alternatives In pavement multi-color lens lights.  Pros: Ease of installation and implementation. Cheapest while still providing improvement over the current situation.  Cons: Visibility angle of in-pavement lights. Runway guard lights with in-pavement yellow lens lights.  Pros: Greater visibility for pilots. Similar to street lights  Cons: Not accustomed to a stop light type of fixture. Runway guard lights flashing yellow, in-pavement yellow lights and a red stop bar light.  Pros: Most redundant of the options. System that is currently used at airports.  Cons: Uses more equipment than necessary.

Reasons for Choosing Alternative The green and red lens RGL and in-pavement light combination was chosen because:  The ability to let the pilots know at all times where to be and what they should be doing by adding visual confirmation.  The amount of redundancy and the placement of lights all complied with the FAA regulations in Circular 150/ B.  Saves approximately $500,000 over the typical SMGCS system that is used currently in some airports across the country.

Products Inset Stop Bar/Runway Guard Light  Crouse-Hinds L-852G/S Model Yellow lens cover on left side and blank on right, with quartz halogen bulbs. Elevated Runway Guard Light  Siemens L-804 Model Red and green lens covers for stop and go conditions.

Location of Fixtures

Special Condition Areas The Duluth Airport has a few special conditions that needed to be addressed when specifying lighting locations.  Air Force Taxiways Wider than the other taxiways.  ILS Situations Hold short line is back farther from runway than usual.

Installation for Fixtures For the installation of the in-pavement lighting  Sawed wireway that runs parallel to the lighting fixtures and run-offs connecting to each fixture.  The parallel wireway cut needs to be 5/8” wide.  The run-offs to the light fixtures have to be 3/8” wide.  Need to allow for pavement sealer to be applied.

Installation Cont’d.

Lighting Control System For controlling the lighting system from the tower remotely the Siemens BRITE system was used.  BRITE Remote Control 2 needed at each hold short line.  BRITE Master Unit 1 needed for each CCR in the system.

Information Flow for Lighting Information Flow to and from the RGL’s, Sensors, and the Tower.

Functionality of Elements BRITE Lighting Control System (LCS)  Central unit that links the tower to the field elements.  2 Inputs: One from Remotes, one from IM  3 Outputs: One to Remotes, one to IM, one to Tower BRITE Master  Links Remotes to LCS BRITE Remotes  2 Inputs: Information from the tower PC via the LCS and Master regarding light color change  2 Outputs: Connected to the RGL’s for color change

Element Functionality cont. Interface Module (IM)  1 Input: Connected to the magneto reflexive sensors to detect presence of vehicle  1 Output: Transmits the detection of a vehicle to the tower PC via the LCS Default signal is interrupted when a vehicle is detected  Fail-safe system Tower PC  1 Input: Vehicle detection signal (from IM)  1 Output: Lights change to green or stay red (to Remotes)

Logic Flow

RWY/TWY Main view of airport  Control of all lights Task Display is Intended to Support  Decision making  Control Operator Capabilities  Perception  Attention  Memory Touch Screen Animation

Zoomed in View Features  Allow Take Off Blue to match where vehicle is waiting  Disable Alarm Yellow to match where the vehicle is traveling from

HMI Display Perceptual Advantages  Legible  Expectancies influence perception  Redundancy Mental models  Realism  What is to be expected

HMI Display Attention  Minimized information  Proximity Memory  Consistency

Budget Types of costs  Individual to each hold sort line Sensors Lights Cable  Common to all hold short lines ALCMS BRITE system  Military accommodations Excess lights

ProductUnit CostQuantityExtended Price M-Gage Q7M W/100'$ M-Gage Q7M W/50'$ $1, PS115-1P Sensor Interface Module w/ Power Supply$ Sensor Installation$3, Elevated Lights$2, $4, In-Pavement Lights$2, $19, Manhole$6, kV Cable$ $ Equipment Ground$ $ Counter Poise$ $ Power Adapter$1, Control Cable 50 pair$ $2, " GRS Pipe$ $2, Pavement Restoration$3, ALCMS Modifications$ BRITE Master$ BRITE Remote$ $3, BRITE Instillation$2, Subtotal$53, Mobilization$2, Safety and Security$1, Project Survey and Stakeout$ Hold Short Total$58, Air fore base accommodations Hold-short lines18 System Total$1,047,195.90

Recommendations

References FAA Circulars:  150/ B  150/  A Websites:  Siemens Airfield Solutions  Cooper Crouse-Hinds

Acknowledgements Darren Christopher of RS&H David Keranen and William Pedersen Chris Dixon and Rebecca Grammse