Absolutely pure iron

Five plates and two rods, National Art Gallery, Washington

Smithsonian: Natural History Museum

Smithsonian: Air & Space Fe-Ni alloy, mm thick

Inter-galactic gas guess what? Fe

Entropy P P / 2 How pure can pure be?

o o A B A B Gibbs free energy per mole   Concentration x of B Incredibly difficult to get extreme purity!

hexagonal close-packed

cubic close-packed

body-centred cubic cubic close-packed

Normalised volume Diamond cubic Cubic-P Hexagonal-P b.c.c c.c.p h.c.p Cohesive energy (eV/atom) Paxton et al. (1990) pure iron

electron has a spin; effectively a current in a loop, creating a little magnet; this is the Bohr magneton

Bundy (1965)

Iron atom in ferrite 2.2 Iron atom in thin film3.1 Iron atom in austenite 2.8 or 0.6 Bhor magnetons

Fe Ru Os Hs 6d 2s

Iron[Ar]+ 8 e - b.c.c Ruthenium[Kr] + 8 e - h.c.p Osmium[Xe] + 14f + 8 e - h.c.p Hassium[Rn] + 14f + 8 e - ???

body-centred cubic (ferrite) cubic close-packed (austenite) hexagonal close-packed double hexagonal close-packed trigonal tetragonal magnetic transitions pure iron

DISPLACIVE RECONSTRUCTIVE

The Song

an apple weighs 1 Newton 1 m = 1 Pa

1 Denier: weight in grams, of 9 km of fibre 10 Denier Scifer is 9 Denier

Scifer, 5.5 GPa with ductility! Kobe Steel

Atom probe image of Scifer, 5.5 GPa steel wire Bhadeshia and Harada, 1993

TRANSPARENT STEEL: the teaching of creative design by Harry Bhadeshia Materials World, March 1995, p. 128

Why is iron opaque? opaque transparent

1991 Sumio Iijima studied soot, found nanotubes, nested like Russian dolls. Nanotubes grow efficiently from gas with iron as catalyst.

Perception of smell template model spectroscopic model Luca Turin

nickel in cage molecule iron in cage molecule Luca Turin

Cooking temperature? 180 to 220 °C

Pizza steel, cooked at 200 °C for 20 days 2.5 billion apples on one square meter Caballero, Mateo & Bhadeshia

Longest (2 km) single-span bridge, near Kobe, Japan

Rope bridge, Atlantis, Bahamas

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